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Two individuals with the following separate roles with skill sets work together to develop business process management applications by using these environments: ► ► The business author is responsible for authoring all business processes. The business author is able to use services but is not interested in the implementation details or how they work. The business author uses Process Designer to create business process diagrams (BPDs) that optionally use advanced integration services (AISs). The integration programmer is responsible for doing all of the integration work necessary to support the processes that the business author creates. For example, the integration programmer implements all the AISs and produces mappings between back-end formats and the requirements of current applications. The integration programmer uses Integration Designer. The remainder of this section is organized based on user type, with separate sections describing common best practices and best practices for Process Designer (for business authors) and Integration Designer (for integration programmers). 2.2.1 Common best practices This section outlines general guidelines for designing and configuring elements of Business Process Manager V8.0. Choose the appropriate granularity for a process A business process and its individual steps should have business significance and not try to mimic programming-level granularity. Use programming techniques such as plain old Java objects (POJOs) or Java snippets for logic without business significance. This material is explained further in the <strong>IBM</strong> developerWorks® article “Software components: Coarse-grained versus fine-grained,” available at the following website: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-soa-granularity/ Use events judiciously The purpose of event emission in Business Process Manager V8.0 is business activity monitoring. Because event emission uses a persistent mechanism, it can consume significant processor resources. Use Common Base Events for events that have business relevance only. Do not confuse business activity monitoring and IT monitoring. The Performance Monitoring Infrastructure (PMI) is far more appropriate for IT monitoring. The following principles generally apply for most customers: ► Customers are concerned about the state of their business and their processes. Therefore, events that signify changes in state are important. For long-running and human activities, this change in state is fairly common. Use events to track when long-running activities complete, such as when tasks change state. ► For short-running flows that complete within seconds, it is sufficient to know that a flow completes, perhaps with the associated data. Distinguishing events within a microflow or general system service that are only milliseconds or seconds apart usually does not make sense. Therefore, two events (start and end) are sufficient for a microflow or straight through process. 8 <strong>IBM</strong> Business Process Manager V8.0 Performance Tuning and Best Practices
2.2.2 Process Designer architecture best practices This section presents best practices for the Process Designer. Use a fast connection between Process Designer and Process Center The Process Designer interacts frequently with the Process Center for authoring tasks. For this reason, minimize network latency to provide optimal response times. Place the Process Center in the same physical location as the Process Designer users. Also, place the Process Center in the same physical location as its database. If you cannot relocate the Process Center, you can remotely connect to the environment where the Process Center is physically located and use the Process Designer through that mechanism. Minimize use of Service Tasks Where possible, call system lane tasks with Service No Task because Service Tasks have significant performance costs. The potential performance benefit of executing Service Tasks asynchronously is usually far outweighed by the additional overhead of Service Tasks, because the Process Server persists the state and context to the database at transition points. In particular, avoid patterns such as the following pattern: JavaScript 1 Service Task 1 JavaScript 2 Service Task 2 If possible, avoid Service Tasks altogether, or switch to the following example to minimize the number of times that state and context are persisted: JavaScript 1 JavaScript 2 Service Tasks 1 and 2 combined Use searchable business variables judiciously Business variables add more overhead to the Process Server, so limit business data searches to only those fields that need to be searchable in the Process Portal. As a general guideline, rarely are more than 10 searchable variables required in a BPD. If your implementation has more searchable variables than this, re-evaluate your design and re-factor as needed to reduce the number of searchable variables. Manage variable usage Variables are persisted to the database when execution contexts are saved, which happens fairly frequently (for example, when changing from BPD to service execution, and when running each coach). These persistence operations are expensive. Minimize the persistence cost in the following ways: ► ► ► ► ► Minimize the number of variables used. Minimize the size of each variable. Set variables, such as DB result sets, to null when they are no longer needed. Minimize the number and size of variables that are passed to each task. If industry-standard schema are being used (for example, ACORD or HIPAA), recognize that these schema contain many fields, and use only the variables that are required from the schema. If necessary, convert to or from the industry standard schema on the edges of the application to avoid unnecessary persistence cost in the BPD processing. Chapter 2. Architecture best practices 9
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