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-326- A Historical Analysis of Cadre ground forces. Kreidberg and Henry argue that the War Department chose to spend this money on the Regular Army because “a gradually expanding Regular Army would furnish increasing numbers of trained cadres who could be employed to expand the Army further. It was a kind of expansible progression which was envisaged: basically in keeping with Upton’s theory that the Regular Army furnish the cadres for vastly expanded wartime armies.” 196 The military professionals in the War Department clung to Upton’s expansible Regular Army. It is unclear whether this was due to an adherence to Upton’s arguments for a professional military (against the militia) or because they thought it was more cost-effective to create cadre Regular Army units than spending money to train and equip new National Guard units. Regardless of their motivation, the War Department created cadre units with Regular Army officers rather than focusing their efforts on the National Guard. In 1940, the number of troops on active duty began growing rapidly. In August of 1940, President Roosevelt signed a bill calling the National Guard into Federal Service for one year. 197 In September of 1940, he signed the Selective Service Act, which provided for an Army of 1,400,000: 500,000 regulars, 270,000 National Guardsmen, and 630,000 draftees. 198 These force increases became irrelevant after the attack on Pearl Harbor, when the Army began mobilizing as quickly as possible. residents) and the National Guard by 18 percent (to 180 troops per 100,000 residents). [U.S. Census Bureau (1975), p. 1140-1143 and U.S. Census Bureau (2002), p. A-1] 196 Kreidberg and Henry (1955), p. 575 197 Weigley (1984), p. 427. The bill restricted the use of the National Guard to the Western Hemisphere. 198 Millis (1956), p. 275. Compared to the end-strength of the Regular Army and National Guard at the end of 1939, this was a 263 percent increase in the size of the Regular Army (excluding draftees; 595 percent including draftees) and a 35 percent increase in the size of the National Guard. [U.S. Census Bureau (1975), p. 1140- 1143]
-327- A Historical Analysis of Cadre 6.2—WARTIME MOBILIZATION Two cadre forces were mobilized during World War II. First, the Regular Army scattered its officers across new units to serve as cadre to train and lead these units. This was an extemporized cadre force as the Army created this force from a peacetime Regular Army that did not have enough officers to lead even its existing units. The second cadre force mobilized during World War II was the Organized Reserves. However, because of the need for officers to lead new “draftee” units, very few Organized Reserve units were deployed with the same cadre leaders that they were assigned in peacetime. 6.2.1—An Extemporized Cadre Force After the Pearl Harbor attack, the Army ramped up mobilization. 199 Weigley recounts that the War Department created “new divisions … through a cadre system, whereby a quota of experienced officers and enlisted men would be withdrawn from a parent division to form the organizing and training nucleus of a new division.” 200 The process of creating these divisions was envisioned to take “ten to twelve months…from activation to combat readiness: seventeen weeks for establishing initial organization and accomplishing the thirteen-week basic training program; thirteen weeks of unit training up to and including the regimental level; fourteen weeks of combined training, to include at least one division-versus-division maneuver.” 201 Initially, the cadre was to comprise ten percent of a division (172 officers and 1,190 enlisted men) but it was increased several times until it ____________ 199 Because all War Department plans had assumed a single M-Day, there were few relevant plans on which to base this multi-phase mobilization. For a review of pre-WWII mobilization plans, see Kreidberg and Henry (1955), p. 382-492. 200 Officers for these units “would undergo special training at the service schools to prepare them for their heavy burden as the divisional cadre. Most of the officers for the new division would come from officer candidate schools.” [Weigley (1984), p. 436] 201 Weigley (1984), p. 437 (emphasis added). This process is outlined in more detail in Quigley (1942).
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THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE
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Considering a Cadre Augmented Army
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- iii - PREFACE This dissertation e
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- vii - SUMMARY This dissertation c
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- ix - the similarities and differe
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- xiii - ACRONYMS Symbol AC AIT ARF
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-1- Introduction Introduction This
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-3- Introduction ability to rotate
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-5- Introduction In a force designe
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-7- Introduction increasing militar
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-9- Introduction peacetime have bee
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-11- Introduction forces. This is i
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-14- A Budgetary Analysis of Cadre
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-260- A Historical Analysis of Cadr
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-377- Conclusion Conclusion This di
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-379- Bibliography Bibliography Ada
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-381- Bibliography Carter, William
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-383- Bibliography Department of De
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-385- Bibliography Garamone, Jim,
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-387- Bibliography Howze, Hamilton
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-389- Bibliography Michie, Peter Sm
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-391- Bibliography Stewart, Richard
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-393- Bibliography Vick, Alan, Davi
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Considering a Cadre Augmented Army - RAND Corporation

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