Considering a Cadre Augmented Army - RAND Corporation

More documents

Recommendations

Info

-306- A Historical Analysis of Cadre 280,000 men … without having to bother with the National Guard at all.” 123 This proposal was supported by many military professions but lacked a significant following due to the lack of an imminent threat. Therefore, Wood focused his attention on “spreading of the word of American unreadiness.” 124 Wood had a number of allies in this campaign including Major John H. Parker who published Trained Citizen Soldiery and Frederic Louis Huidekoper who published The Military Unpreparadness of the United States. 125 In his book, Huidekoper copied whole passages from Upton’s The Military Policy of the United States as he argued for a cadre force. Wood also published a book arguing for a cadre force backed by a federal reserve force entitled Our Military History: Its Facts and Fallacies. In his book, Wood makes the same argument as Emory Upton that “unnecessary cost in life and treasure which has characterized the conduct of our wars” was due to “the defects, weakness, and unreliability of our militia and volunteer systems.” 126 However, without an imminent threat most of these proposals were ignored. 127 At the same time that Wood and his followers were proposing a cadre force, Secretary of War Henry Stimson published a report in 1912 which Weigley argues “made a historic departure from the expansible army plan which had been advocated not only by Upton but by Calhoun … it proposed a Regular Army not skeletonized but ready to fight immediately.” 128 ____________ 123 Millis (1956), p. 201 124 Millis (1956), p. 201 125 Parker (1916) and Huidekoper (1915) 126 Wood (1916), p. 12, 18. He argues for a cadre force of reserve officers similar to the Officers’ Reserve Corps created after World War I [Wood (1916), p. 212]. 127 In response to a request for information on the “subject of military instruction in colleges, military reserves, methods of enlistment, and the exact nature of the measures either now in force or contemplated to safeguard the Nation,” Wood responded with a report emphasizing the benefits of a cadre force. Wood wrote little on military policy that did not argue for a cadre force [United States War Department (1914)]. 128 Weigley (1984), p. 339
-307- A Historical Analysis of Cadre 3.4—THE STIMSON REPORT In 1912, the U.S. War Department published the Report on the Organization of the Land Forces of the United States. 129 Secretary of War Henry Stimson published the report but the ideas in it came mainly from Captain John McAuley Palmer, assigned to the General Staff. Palmer believed that National Guard officers were just as competent as Regular Army officers based on his lineage. His grandfather had commanded in the Civil War as a Major General and was regarded as “one of the successful citizen soldiers of the Civil War.” 130 Palmer rejected the cadre army because he was unable to reconcile the military needs (a large peacetime nucleus) with the political constraints (a small peacetime force). 131 In the Report on the Organization of the Land Forces of the United States, Palmer proposed: “the military establishment in time of peace is to be a small Regular Army and that the ultimate war force of the Nation is to be a great army of citizen soldiers.” 132 The Stimson report was the first time that any prominent military professional had publicly rejected the idea of a cadre force. John McAuley Palmer felt that his plan was consistent with the peacetime army proposed by George Washington more than a century earlier: “the Stimson plan of 1912 is merely a ____________ 129 United States War Department (1912) 130 Weigley (1984), p. 339 131 Palmer began his analysis by “working out the expansible scheme in detail.” However, he found that “the results were discouraging.” Palmer wrote: “when I assumed a peacetime nucleus big enough to make a real foundation for effective expansion for a great war, I found that the American people would be saddled with a big standing army in time of peace. When I assumed a peacetime nucleus small enough to give any chance of acceptance by Congress, it would result in too small a war army- unless, like Upton and Sherman, I also assumed a rate of expansion that would be obviously absurd.” [Palmer (1941), p. 126] Like the arguments of Calhoun and Upton, Palmer framed this problem as an either/or decision; either the army would depend on the militia or it would depend on a cadre force. There was no discussion of force mix. This was true for nearly all force structure debates involving cadre prior to World War I. 132 Kreidberg and Henry (1955), p. 183.
Page 1 and 2:
THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE
Page 3 and 4:
Considering a Cadre Augmented Army
Page 5:
- iii - PREFACE This dissertation e
Page 9 and 10:
- vii - SUMMARY This dissertation c
Page 11:
- ix - the similarities and differe
Page 15 and 16:
- xiii - ACRONYMS Symbol AC AIT ARF
Page 17 and 18:
-1- Introduction Introduction This
Page 19 and 20:
-3- Introduction ability to rotate
Page 21 and 22:
-5- Introduction In a force designe
Page 23 and 24:
-7- Introduction increasing militar
Page 25 and 26:
-9- Introduction peacetime have bee
Page 27:
-11- Introduction forces. This is i
Page 30 and 31:
-14- A Budgetary Analysis of Cadre
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
-137- An Operational Analysis of Ca
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272: -255- An Operational Analysis of Ca
Page 273: -257- An Operational Analysis of Ca
Page 276 and 277: -260- A Historical Analysis of Cadr
Page 281: -265- A Historical Analysis of Cadr
Page 372 and 373:
-356- A Historical Analysis of Cadr
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 393 and 394:
-377- Conclusion Conclusion This di
Page 395 and 396:
-379- Bibliography Bibliography Ada
Page 397 and 398:
-381- Bibliography Carter, William
Page 399 and 400:
-383- Bibliography Department of De
Page 401 and 402:
-385- Bibliography Garamone, Jim,
Page 403 and 404:
-387- Bibliography Howze, Hamilton
Page 405 and 406:
-389- Bibliography Michie, Peter Sm
Page 407 and 408:
-391- Bibliography Stewart, Richard
Page 409:
-393- Bibliography Vick, Alan, Davi
show all

Considering a Cadre Augmented Army - RAND Corporation

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?