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-292- A Historical Analysis of <strong>Cadre</strong> reservists were not organized into units. They were simply a pool of manpower that could be drawn upon to fill out cadre units during wartime. Upton admired the German cadre system based not only on its focus on a professional army but also on its practical successes. 74 Upton wrote: “when Germany fought France she put her army on a war-footing in eight days, and in eight days more she had four hundred thousand men on French territory. It took us from April, 1861, to March, 1862, to form an army of the same size.” 75 These successes led Upton to propose a military system similar to Germany as his first alternative. In his writings, Upton avoided discussing how cadre units in the United States would be filled out in wartime. He never mentioned conscription, the basis of the German cadre system. Weigley argues that Upton “dared approach that topic [conscription] only obliquely, by arguing that history proved the necessity for conscription in wartime.” 76 Ambrose also argues that “he [Upton] dared not go too far in copying the Europeans. He never advocated peacetime conscription … and his ‘National Volunteers’ did not constitute a true reserve, they were merely men who would volunteer to serve under regular army personnel in an emergency.” 77 By avoiding the topic, Upton failed to justify his belief that an adapted German cadre force was the best military system for the United States. ____________ 74 Weigley argues that Upton was especially receptive to the German cadre army due to his personality: “Upton was temperamentally receptive to the German system: he was intense, humorless, single-mindedly devoted to the military profession and to efficiency in it, a sober, even brooding, man sustained by an old-fashioned Protestant piety- in short, a man not unlike several of the German military reformers themselves.” [Weigley (1984), p. 276] 75 Michie (1885), p. 386-387 76 Weigley (1984), p. 279 77 Ambrose (1964), p. 102. However, Upton did eventually ask “for a declaration that every able-bodied male citizen owed military service … This came close to advocating universal conscription, which Upton had previously said he did not want, but which in fact he admired but never dared advocate.” [Ambrose (1964), p. 102]
-293- A Historical Analysis of <strong>Cadre</strong> Upton’s second plan was to “prosecute future wars with volunteer infantry, supported by the regular artillery and cavalry, apportioning the officers of the regular army among the volunteers in such a manner that” all units “shall be trained and commanded by officers of military education and experience.” 78 Upton believed that professional officers could easily train raw infantry soldiers while artillery and cavalry soldiers should be training full-time to master their more difficult crafts. Upton’s plan for a cadre army was very similar to that of John C. Calhoun and Upton credited Calhoun in his writings. 79 Upton proposed an army of twenty-five infantry regiments, ten cavalry regiments, and five artillery regiments. These regiments would be staffed primarily with officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) during peacetime. The regiments would then expand in wartime by increasing the number of enlisted men and battalions. Figure 2.3 shows Upton’s recommendation for the composition of a twobattalion infantry regiment in both peacetime and wartime. ____________ 78 Upton (1878), p. 323 79 Weigley (1984), p. 277
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THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE
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Considering a Cadre Augmented Army
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- iii - PREFACE This dissertation e
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- vii - SUMMARY This dissertation c
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- ix - the similarities and differe
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- xiii - ACRONYMS Symbol AC AIT ARF
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-1- Introduction Introduction This
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-3- Introduction ability to rotate
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-5- Introduction In a force designe
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-7- Introduction increasing militar
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-9- Introduction peacetime have bee
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-11- Introduction forces. This is i
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-14- A Budgetary Analysis of Cadre
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-377- Conclusion Conclusion This di
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-379- Bibliography Bibliography Ada
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-381- Bibliography Carter, William
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-383- Bibliography Department of De
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-385- Bibliography Garamone, Jim,
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-387- Bibliography Howze, Hamilton
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-389- Bibliography Michie, Peter Sm
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-391- Bibliography Stewart, Richard
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-393- Bibliography Vick, Alan, Davi
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