Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Ceyhan River is significant in the formation <strong>of</strong> the delta. Ceyhan is among the significant streams <strong>of</strong> <strong>Turkey</strong> in terms <strong>of</strong> its high volume <strong>of</strong> flow though its length is 509 km and has a 22.300-square-kilometer catchment area. The plain had become scene for huge floods and due to frequent changes <strong>of</strong> river beds numerous lakes, lagoons, meanders and marshes are formed. The last flood had happened in 1932 changing Ceyhan's course towards the south and the river started flowing in its current bed. The former riverbed still keeps its form and though limited, freshwater is released to the lagoons through it via a tap placed inside the riverbed. Ceyhan River, one <strong>of</strong> the 26 hydrologic basins <strong>of</strong> <strong>Turkey</strong>, and its tributaries has been dammed for energy generation, irrigation, flood last one Berke (2003) are the dams constructed on the river and its tributaries. There are numerous lakes and lagoons within the site. They are the sub-components <strong>of</strong> lagoon systems. o each other with natural canals. These lakes heavy evaporation. The lakes are getting filled rapidly because <strong>of</strong> sediment load by the streams and canals, flowing from the north. The depth is 0--60 considered as separate lakes since they have slight separations;; though they indeed compose one single system. The depth has decreased to 30-50 cm from 1.5-2 meters in the past 20 years. The sands carried from the sand dunes by wind erosion has been effective in siltation. Apart from the mentioned, there are many lakes in the site, not shown on the maps. Lagoons used to be fed by the regular floods <strong>of</strong> Ceyhan River in the past. Since the floods are prevented by the dams constructed on Ceyhan River and its tributaries, freshwater feeding to the lagoons is also prevented. Currently the freswater sources <strong>of</strong> the lagoons are precipitation water falling on the surface and the basin <strong>of</strong> the lagoon, leaking effects and artesianic feeding. The saltwater entrance into the lagoons happens via lagoon-sea links. The facts that the total annual evaporation in the region is almost double <strong>of</strong> the annual precipitation amount and the typical Mediterranean climate warm, wet winters and hot, dry summers prevails in the region leads an increase in the salt concentration <strong>of</strong> the lagoon. during wet seasons. Many canals are opened for drainage and irrigation <strong>of</strong> the farm lands located in or outside <strong>of</strong> the site. In the areas close to the sea or lakes the underground water is salty and fresh or less salty as it gets farther. Freshwater prevails through Ceyhan River's bed within the delta;; saltwater becomes more dominant closer to the sea. 87
GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS After Ceyhan and Seyhan Rivers had formed which comprises a highly rich as well as a complex and dynamic lagoon, lake and marshes system with its almost 30-kilometer coastal cord formed in almost a-2500-year time span, changed its direction to south once again during a flood in 1932 emptying into into the sea in its current place is recorded to grow 2 kilometers into the sea and evolved up to 2-2.5 kilometers until 1992. However, the floods were taken under control by dams on. Since Ceyhan River stopped carrying sediments as it used to in the past after the floods were taken under control by dams constructed on it, the delta growth has totally stopped as well. Between 1992 and 2005 its coastal strip is recorded to have eroded rapidly and the sea is moving in by nearly 400-500 meters. Since 1992 in Kokar Cape, where Ceyhan empties into the sea, the sea is recorded to have moved almost 400-500 meters into the mainland. Alluviums, dunes, beaches and lakes cover the whole <strong>of</strong> the conservation site. Alluviums comprising clay, sand, pebble and sporadic swamps are formed by accumulation <strong>of</strong> the sediments Ceyhan River carries. There are sand mounds in ranges, the height <strong>of</strong> which rises towards the inland, behind the 0-250-meter breadth beaches. The most virgin BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS Habitats The important habitats in the site are lakes and lagoons, salt marshes that surround these areas, broad sand dunes situated between the sea and the lagoons as well as the Aleppo Pine forest situated in the northeast <strong>of</strong> the site. WILDLIFE Flora Lagoons are located inside the Ceyhan Delta Important Plant Area (IPA), one <strong>of</strong> the 112 IPAs in our country. In a study carried out in 2005, 272 taxons <strong>of</strong> 68 families were important habitats in terms <strong>of</strong> species. 88
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Ramsar Sit
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Acknowledgements We are thankful to
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Evaluation While the loss
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Index Ramsar <stro
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Map o GIS Unit 2
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determined and management plans are
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RAMSAR CRITERIA Criterion 1: A wetl
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the 24.523-hectare nature conservat
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plain had also started to sink and
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strepera), pied avocet (Recurvirost
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) Visitors coming in groups for bir
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into the lake was designated as a n
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The lake with its immediate environ
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Amphibians and Reptiles The lake an
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is cultivated in remarkable portion
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Conservation Statuses A 23.585-hect
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around the lake. There are Lycium d
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The main occupation of</str
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G Demarcated by Erdemli distr
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Criteria 3 Criteria 4 Great white p
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Lakes and the supports e
Page 43 and 44: Fishery -tolerated stro
Page 45 and 46: Burdur Lake was decreed as a Waterb
Page 47 and 48: sulfate, chloride, sodium and magne
Page 49 and 50: (Eirenis modestus), four lined snak
Page 51 and 52: cological functioning and landscape
Page 53 and 54: Kizilirmak Delta is one of<
Page 55 and 56: than Kizilirmak River are Engiz and
Page 57 and 58: (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Ship S
Page 59 and 60: The greenhouse area in the Kizilirm
Page 61 and 62: - Hustings, F. ve van Dijk, K. 199
Page 63 and 64: Lake Uluabat Ramsar</strong
Page 65 and 66: eds, sand plains, seasonal swamps a
Page 67 and 68: CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Archeol
Page 69 and 70: One of the most re
Page 71 and 72: Gediz Delta Ramsar
Page 73 and 74: ird species at a hirundo) and Medit
Page 75 and 76: species under 206 genera of
Page 77 and 78: Land Use Urban settlements surround
Page 79 and 80: Akyatan Lagoon Ramsar</stro
Page 81 and 82: categories. Union Bird and Habitat
Page 83 and 84: The lake is linked to the sea via a
Page 85 and 86: 10 Gobius ophiocephalus Goby fish
Page 87 and 88: tural values. Akyatan Lagoon have b
Page 89 and 90: http://www.ogm-adanaobm.gov.tr/habe
Page 91 and 92: Important Plant Area Important Bird
Page 93: Criterion 6 There are species that
Page 97 and 98: periods, among the birds observed i
Page 99 and 100: Wheat and cotton production in the
Page 101 and 102: spawning and illegal troll fishing
Page 103 and 104: Meke Maar Ramsar S
Page 105 and 106: HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Total ann dur
Page 107 and 108: K Situated in the centre o
Page 109 and 110: GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS The top unit is
Page 111 and 112: References
Page 113 and 114: Region in 2009. It also was designa
Page 115 and 116: The Kalkankale formation in Lake Ku
Page 117: Agriculture Dry agriculture activit
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Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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