Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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Besides globally endangered white-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala);; the site supports crowded groups <strong>of</strong> common pochard (Aythya ferina), European wigeon (Anas penelope), common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna), Eurasian coot (Fulica atra). Another important species wintering in the site is flamingo (Pheonicopterus roseus). The lagoon is one <strong>of</strong> the important breeding sites for globally endangered marbled duck (Marmaronetta angustrirostris) as well as rarely seen purple swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) and black francolin (Francolinus francolinus). Mammals With its natural formations and artificial habitats created by human intervention, Akyatan Lagoon constitutes appropriate habitats for many mammal species. Wild boar (Sus scr<strong>of</strong>a), jackal (Canis aureus), jungle cat (Felis chaus), Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), European hare (Lepus europaeus), and fox (Vulpes vulpes) are the primary mammals the site supports. In addition to these mammals red deer (Cervus elaphus), Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica), southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor Meriones tristrami), brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), black rat (Rattus rattus), Macedonian mouse (Mus macedonicus), Middle East blind mole rat (Nannospalax ehrenbergi) and lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) are relatively rare mammals, the site also supports. There are records <strong>of</strong> fallow deer (Dama dama), Gazella (Gazella sp.) and Hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) to have been supported in the site in the past. CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Archeology The very first settlements in the immediate environment <strong>of</strong> Akyatan Lagoon date back to late Neolithic Age (800-5500, BC). Antique city <strong>of</strong> Town located in the east <strong>of</strong> the lagoon. The city <strong>of</strong> Magarsos, the first seaport city <strong>of</strong> by city walls in its north, reserves a castle, theatre, Temple <strong>of</strong> Athena, church, bath, tomb and remnants <strong>of</strong> a cistern. Collapsed in the Middle Age, the castle was restored by scale. The Assyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuqs and Ottomans dominated the area, which was under Hittite sovereignty in the 17 th century B.C., until the proclamation <strong>of</strong> the Turkish Republic. Past and Present Land Use 79
tural values. Akyatan Lagoon have been suppressed by rapidly growing and diversifying land use due to the potential <strong>of</strong> its natural aspects such as the coastal area it is located, its geographical position, landscape, soil structure. Having been designated as a protection site brought up the pr<strong>of</strong>itability increased after the district was designated as a tourism region, suppressing sand dunes <strong>of</strong> delicate balance. Concurrently, the agricultural activities on the sand dunes additionally increased concerns about degeneration <strong>of</strong> the wetland. In 1996, the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment and Forestry in cooperation with the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Public Work and Housing prepared the environment plan including the entire natural areas in the delta. The environment plan designated core zones, ecological impact zones and buffer zones <strong>of</strong> the site, taking the wetland ecosystem and related habitats into consideration,n. Special planning decrees, which regulate conservation and use principles, were developed. In the planning area, however, starting from sand dunes, intensive human activities are observed in the surrounding areas <strong>of</strong> the wetlands. Despite all the protection measures;; agricultural activiti sand dunes delineating Akyatan Lagoon from south have continued increasingly so far. Excessive ground water use for strawberry, melon and water melon cultivation leads to salt water leaks into the ground water. Marshes in the Seyhan and Ceyhan riverbeds were degenerated in order to fight with malaria and the chemicals use for this purpose harmed the food chain in Akyatan Lagoon. NATURAL RESOURCE USE Akyatan Lagoon is an all-purpose wetland ecosystem making major contributions in the local economy with agriculture, livestock production and fishery. Additionally, the site is a significant haunt for tourism, birdwatching and photography. Agriculture A remarkable part <strong>of</strong> Seyhan Delta is used for agricultural purposes. Starting from cotton;; grains, fruits, vegetables and paddy are cultivated. Peanut, strawberry, cucumber, melon and watermelon cultivation on the plains located between the sand dunes and the lake has intensified recently. Taking the entire delta into consideration;; population density and agricultural fertility are observed to be lower in the surrounding areas <strong>of</strong> the lake. Following the allocation <strong>of</strong> agriculture lands for settlement and industrial activities, rapid population growth and intensive migration led to increasing suppression over the natural areas <strong>of</strong> the delta. Almost all <strong>of</strong> the seasonal wetlands around the lake have been drained and allocated for agriculture. Sand dunes surrounding the lake have been flattened to be transformed into 80
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Ramsar Sit
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Acknowledgements We are thankful to
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Evaluation While the loss
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Index Ramsar <stro
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Map o GIS Unit 2
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determined and management plans are
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RAMSAR CRITERIA Criterion 1: A wetl
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the 24.523-hectare nature conservat
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plain had also started to sink and
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strepera), pied avocet (Recurvirost
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) Visitors coming in groups for bir
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into the lake was designated as a n
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The lake with its immediate environ
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Amphibians and Reptiles The lake an
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is cultivated in remarkable portion
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Conservation Statuses A 23.585-hect
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around the lake. There are Lycium d
Page 35 and 36: The main occupation of</str
Page 37 and 38: G Demarcated by Erdemli distr
Page 39 and 40: Criteria 3 Criteria 4 Great white p
Page 41 and 42: Lakes and the supports e
Page 43 and 44: Fishery -tolerated stro
Page 45 and 46: Burdur Lake was decreed as a Waterb
Page 47 and 48: sulfate, chloride, sodium and magne
Page 49 and 50: (Eirenis modestus), four lined snak
Page 51 and 52: cological functioning and landscape
Page 53 and 54: Kizilirmak Delta is one of<
Page 55 and 56: than Kizilirmak River are Engiz and
Page 57 and 58: (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Ship S
Page 59 and 60: The greenhouse area in the Kizilirm
Page 61 and 62: - Hustings, F. ve van Dijk, K. 199
Page 63 and 64: Lake Uluabat Ramsar</strong
Page 65 and 66: eds, sand plains, seasonal swamps a
Page 67 and 68: CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Archeol
Page 69 and 70: One of the most re
Page 71 and 72: Gediz Delta Ramsar
Page 73 and 74: ird species at a hirundo) and Medit
Page 75 and 76: species under 206 genera of
Page 77 and 78: Land Use Urban settlements surround
Page 79 and 80: Akyatan Lagoon Ramsar</stro
Page 81 and 82: categories. Union Bird and Habitat
Page 83 and 84: The lake is linked to the sea via a
Page 85: 10 Gobius ophiocephalus Goby fish
Page 89 and 90: http://www.ogm-adanaobm.gov.tr/habe
Page 91 and 92: Important Plant Area Important Bird
Page 93 and 94: Criterion 6 There are species that
Page 95 and 96: GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS After Ceyhan and
Page 97 and 98: periods, among the birds observed i
Page 99 and 100: Wheat and cotton production in the
Page 101 and 102: spawning and illegal troll fishing
Page 103 and 104: Meke Maar Ramsar S
Page 105 and 106: HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Total ann dur
Page 107 and 108: K Situated in the centre o
Page 109 and 110: GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS The top unit is
Page 111 and 112: References
Page 113 and 114: Region in 2009. It also was designa
Page 115 and 116: The Kalkankale formation in Lake Ku
Page 117: Agriculture Dry agriculture activit
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Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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