Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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Annual average precipitation <strong>of</strong> the region is 544.2 cubic millimeters and average basis is recorded to be 2 liter/second in May, 178 liter/second in June, 211 liter/second in July, 181 liter/second in August, 176 liter/second in September and 45 liter/second in October. Household water needs in villages is provided by wells. The local people, however, point out the decreasing ground water level. They say they had difficulties <strong>of</strong> finding ground water even at 170-180 meter and that the water entering the lagoon is highly polluted due to untreated disposal by some nearby factories. They also mentioned an increasing salinization <strong>of</strong> water. GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS The heights surrounding Gediz Delta are mostly volcanic rock structures. The stratigraphic stacks <strong>of</strong> these heights surrounding Gediz Delta and its close environment are formed <strong>of</strong> components such as upper cretaceous flysch, sediment, volcanic, volcanosediment units as well as Quaternary alluviums. BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS Habitats The delta comprises four different habitats such as saltwater ecosystems (salines), freshwater ecosystems (reed beds), meadows and heights. It consists <strong>of</strong> numerous habitats such as lagoons, reed beds, salines, fresh and salt water marshes, salt meadows, seasonally flooded meadows, alluvial islets, agriculture lands and Mediterranean shrub lands. Gediz Delta wetland ecosystem from north to south and saltwater meadows <strong>of</strong> Northern Gediz Delta. Moreover, the reed beds, located in the north and fed by freshwater, are highly important in terms <strong>of</strong> biological diversity. Little sand banks and islets separate lagoons from the sea. The halophile swamp system that also comprises the freshwater swamp forms the southeastern parts <strong>of</strong> the special protection area situated between the The area located in the north <strong>of</strong> the salines comprises meadow and pasturelands, trap forms a freshwater swamp <strong>of</strong> 500 hectares covered with red beds;; it dries from time to time due to freshwater shortage in the region. WILDLIFE Flora Flora <strong>of</strong> the site consists <strong>of</strong> mostly annual herbaceous plants, herbaceous perennials at a lower level as well as ligneous plants. Dominated by halophytes, the site supports 306 67
species under 206 genera <strong>of</strong> 60 families;; while Homa Lagoon supports 63 phytoplankton species. Buttercup (Ranunculus lateriflorus), salicornia (Salicornia europaea), tamarisk (Tamarix smyrnensis), common duckweed (Lemna minor), golden samphire (Inula crithmoides), Brittle Waternymph (Najas minor), common reed (Phragmites australis), river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and acacia saligna (Acacia cyanophylla) are the leading plant species in the delta. Fish The site supports 20 fish species in lagoons, freshwater sources and reed beds such as sea bass, (Dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (Sparus aurata) and gray mullet (Mugil cephalus). Amphibians and Reptiles Among amphibians common toad (Bufo bufo), European green toad (Bufo viridis), European tree frog (Hyla arborea) and marsh frog (Rana ridibunda) are observed in the site. Following the observations in the delta 24 reptile species are recorded including Ottoman viper. Among these are two endangered reptile species;; sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). Birds Among wild animals in Gediz Delta, birds have a highly significant place. The delta is one <strong>of</strong> the sites with the highest bird variety. According to studies and observations <strong>of</strong> amateur birdwatchers so far 218 bird species have been recorded in the site. Some <strong>of</strong> these species are the great bustard (Otis tarda), the little bustard (Tetrax tetrax), whitetailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Smyrna kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) that have not been seen for years;; corn crake (Crex crex), long-eared owl (Asio otus wheatear (Oenanthe finschii) that can accidentally be seen;; white-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala), common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), smew (Mergus albellus) that are rarely seen. The 235 avian species, however, observed in the site within the year <strong>of</strong> 2006 are very significant to prove the importance <strong>of</strong> the site in terms <strong>of</strong> species. Every year, 30.0000-127.000 water birds are counted during the regular midwinter bird census. In the February 2008 census, 90.000 water birds are counted. Gediz Delta is one <strong>of</strong> the two important breeding sites for flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) in our country. Since Gediz Delta is a wetland system, water birds make up the biggest part <strong>of</strong> the avian species observed in the site. Among these water birds, coastal birds make up the significant group. Particularly in Homa Lagoon, coastal birds can be observed in high numbers. Gediz Delta is one <strong>of</strong> the sites, where dunlin (Calidris alpina), little stint (Calidris minuta),red knot (Calidris canutus), broad-billed sandpiper (Calidris falcinellus), sanderling (Calidris alba), Eurasian golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria), gray plover (Pluvialis squatarola), black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), bar-tailed godwit (Limosa 68
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Ramsar Sit
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Acknowledgements We are thankful to
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Evaluation While the loss
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Index Ramsar <stro
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Map o GIS Unit 2
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determined and management plans are
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RAMSAR CRITERIA Criterion 1: A wetl
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the 24.523-hectare nature conservat
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plain had also started to sink and
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strepera), pied avocet (Recurvirost
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) Visitors coming in groups for bir
Page 23 and 24: into the lake was designated as a n
Page 25 and 26: The lake with its immediate environ
Page 27 and 28: Amphibians and Reptiles The lake an
Page 29 and 30: is cultivated in remarkable portion
Page 31 and 32: Conservation Statuses A 23.585-hect
Page 33 and 34: around the lake. There are Lycium d
Page 35 and 36: The main occupation of</str
Page 37 and 38: G Demarcated by Erdemli distr
Page 39 and 40: Criteria 3 Criteria 4 Great white p
Page 41 and 42: Lakes and the supports e
Page 43 and 44: Fishery -tolerated stro
Page 45 and 46: Burdur Lake was decreed as a Waterb
Page 47 and 48: sulfate, chloride, sodium and magne
Page 49 and 50: (Eirenis modestus), four lined snak
Page 51 and 52: cological functioning and landscape
Page 53 and 54: Kizilirmak Delta is one of<
Page 55 and 56: than Kizilirmak River are Engiz and
Page 57 and 58: (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Ship S
Page 59 and 60: The greenhouse area in the Kizilirm
Page 61 and 62: - Hustings, F. ve van Dijk, K. 199
Page 63 and 64: Lake Uluabat Ramsar</strong
Page 65 and 66: eds, sand plains, seasonal swamps a
Page 67 and 68: CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Archeol
Page 69 and 70: One of the most re
Page 71 and 72: Gediz Delta Ramsar
Page 73: ird species at a hirundo) and Medit
Page 77 and 78: Land Use Urban settlements surround
Page 79 and 80: Akyatan Lagoon Ramsar</stro
Page 81 and 82: categories. Union Bird and Habitat
Page 83 and 84: The lake is linked to the sea via a
Page 85 and 86: 10 Gobius ophiocephalus Goby fish
Page 87 and 88: tural values. Akyatan Lagoon have b
Page 89 and 90: http://www.ogm-adanaobm.gov.tr/habe
Page 91 and 92: Important Plant Area Important Bird
Page 93 and 94: Criterion 6 There are species that
Page 95 and 96: GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS After Ceyhan and
Page 97 and 98: periods, among the birds observed i
Page 99 and 100: Wheat and cotton production in the
Page 101 and 102: spawning and illegal troll fishing
Page 103 and 104: Meke Maar Ramsar S
Page 105 and 106: HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Total ann dur
Page 107 and 108: K Situated in the centre o
Page 109 and 110: GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS The top unit is
Page 111 and 112: References
Page 113 and 114: Region in 2009. It also was designa
Page 115 and 116: The Kalkankale formation in Lake Ku
Page 117: Agriculture Dry agriculture activit
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Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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