Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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agriculture lands from floods. The surface area and volume assessment studies carried 155 km2, and water volume is 346 hm3 km2 and water volume as 387 hm3. The study point out the water volume <strong>of</strong> the lake has decreased by 41 hm3 (41 million m3) due to sediment load in the past 30 years period. Another study determines that the period in its western portions is 2-5 weeks, while it takes up to six months in its eastern portions. According to Water Pollution Control Regulation surface water classifications in 1970s the lake water was classified as changing between 1 st and 2 nd degrees;; however the same control in 1999-2000 measurements classified the lake water changing between 2, 3, 4 th (the most polluted levels). conditions in the lake sometimes greenish-yellow and sometimes grayish-yellow colors dominate the water. The light transmittance is very low due to the opacity <strong>of</strong> the water. In line with the amount <strong>of</strong> the suspending substances entering the lake in springs, light transmittance can decrease to 22cm. According to a 1995 study, heavy metal load, especially cadmium, is detected in the fish. Moreover, lead pollution as a side effect <strong>of</strong> lead use in terrestrial hunting results in lead poisoning in birds and fish. The density <strong>of</strong> the suspending substance in the water flowing into the lake is measured as 200mg/lt in 2000. GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS The common idea as being the source <strong>of</strong> Lake Uluabat is that the lake is a remnant <strong>of</strong> the sea. The tectonic movements that had happened during the ice age, which had prevailed since upper Miocene (five million years ago) gave way to the current morphologic structure <strong>of</strong> the lake and its immediates. Old limestones <strong>of</strong> Jura period (dating back to 205.1 million and 142 million years) dominate in the environments <strong>of</strong> Lake Uluabat in a large scale, which shows the region went through a sedimentary process similar to that <strong>of</strong> Sea Marmara. The movements started in early Miocene and continued almost 500.000 years resulted in a topographic elevation throughout the southern area <strong>of</strong> Sea Marmara and subsidence in Sea Marmara. and Uluabat gained their current structures as a result <strong>of</strong> these movements. BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS Habitats Lake Uluabat comprises freshwater lake, delta ecosystems and maquis and willow structure, which rather run perpendicular to the lake;; so there is no large reed beds and muddy areas in these parts. Supporting the richest habitat variety, the delta has been 57
eds, sand plains, seasonal swamps and flooded meadows as well as large willow ocated in a bay in coasts <strong>of</strong> the lake as well. Maquis prevail in the elevations in the south. A habitat <strong>of</strong> wild olive groves mixed with maquis also occurs in this area. WILDLIFE Flora Lake Uluabat is a rather important site within the Mediterranean phytogeographic region for supporting the largest European white waterlily (Nymphaea alba) beds. The large and shallow Lake Uluabat is one <strong>of</strong> the richest wetlands in terms <strong>of</strong> aquatic plants. Almost all aquatic plants. Flooded meadows, willows, tamarixes, chaste trees, aquatic plants, reed beds, white waterlily beds and water hyacinth are widely supported plants. As seen in many wetlands the most widespread plant group in the coasts <strong>of</strong> Lake Uluabat is bulrush (Typha sp.) and sedge (Pharagmites australis). Common club-rush (Schoenoplectus lacustris) and flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) are the other prevailing species <strong>of</strong> the plant cover in the lake. European white waterlily beds cover a large scale <strong>of</strong> areas in southeastern coasts <strong>of</strong> the leake rigid hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum) and in northeastern and eastern coasts <strong>of</strong> the lake loddon lily (Leucojum aestivum) occur in clusters that are worth to see and protect. Nationally vulnerable Gratiola <strong>of</strong>ficinalis occur particularly in the coastal zone <strong>of</strong> Tamarix (Tamarix symrnensis), halophyte salicornia (Salicornia sp.) members, Artemisia santericum, Hordeum marinum and Bromus hordeaceus prevail in southwestern portions <strong>of</strong> the lake. Plant clusters consisted <strong>of</strong> willow (Salix alba) and tamarix occur in where Fish Fish in Lake Uluabat are recorded to be typical fish clusters that can occur in a shallow are close to the lake boundaries benefit from the water products in the lake. Almost 85 percent <strong>of</strong> livings by fishery and the rest by agriculture. The fish are sold at auctions. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), northern pike (Esox lucius), Danube bleak (Chalcalburnus chalcoides), vimba bream (Vimba vimba), common bleak (Alburnus alburnus), silver bream ( ), common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus), Black Sea shad (Alosa maeotica), common roach (Rutilus rutilus), wels catfish (Silurus glanis), pipefish (Syngnathus sp.), amur bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus), ray-finned fish 58
Page 1 and 2:
Ramsar Sit
Page 3 and 4:
Acknowledgements We are thankful to
Page 5 and 6:
Evaluation While the loss
Page 7 and 8:
Index Ramsar <stro
Page 9 and 10:
Map o GIS Unit 2
Page 11 and 12:
determined and management plans are
Page 13 and 14: RAMSAR CRITERIA Criterion 1: A wetl
Page 15 and 16: the 24.523-hectare nature conservat
Page 17 and 18: plain had also started to sink and
Page 19 and 20: strepera), pied avocet (Recurvirost
Page 21 and 22: ) Visitors coming in groups for bir
Page 23 and 24: into the lake was designated as a n
Page 25 and 26: The lake with its immediate environ
Page 27 and 28: Amphibians and Reptiles The lake an
Page 29 and 30: is cultivated in remarkable portion
Page 31 and 32: Conservation Statuses A 23.585-hect
Page 33 and 34: around the lake. There are Lycium d
Page 35 and 36: The main occupation of</str
Page 37 and 38: G Demarcated by Erdemli distr
Page 39 and 40: Criteria 3 Criteria 4 Great white p
Page 41 and 42: Lakes and the supports e
Page 43 and 44: Fishery -tolerated stro
Page 45 and 46: Burdur Lake was decreed as a Waterb
Page 47 and 48: sulfate, chloride, sodium and magne
Page 49 and 50: (Eirenis modestus), four lined snak
Page 51 and 52: cological functioning and landscape
Page 53 and 54: Kizilirmak Delta is one of<
Page 55 and 56: than Kizilirmak River are Engiz and
Page 57 and 58: (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Ship S
Page 59 and 60: The greenhouse area in the Kizilirm
Page 61 and 62: - Hustings, F. ve van Dijk, K. 199
Page 63: Lake Uluabat Ramsar</strong
Page 67 and 68: CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Archeol
Page 69 and 70: One of the most re
Page 71 and 72: Gediz Delta Ramsar
Page 73 and 74: ird species at a hirundo) and Medit
Page 75 and 76: species under 206 genera of
Page 77 and 78: Land Use Urban settlements surround
Page 79 and 80: Akyatan Lagoon Ramsar</stro
Page 81 and 82: categories. Union Bird and Habitat
Page 83 and 84: The lake is linked to the sea via a
Page 85 and 86: 10 Gobius ophiocephalus Goby fish
Page 87 and 88: tural values. Akyatan Lagoon have b
Page 89 and 90: http://www.ogm-adanaobm.gov.tr/habe
Page 91 and 92: Important Plant Area Important Bird
Page 93 and 94: Criterion 6 There are species that
Page 95 and 96: GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS After Ceyhan and
Page 97 and 98: periods, among the birds observed i
Page 99 and 100: Wheat and cotton production in the
Page 101 and 102: spawning and illegal troll fishing
Page 103 and 104: Meke Maar Ramsar S
Page 105 and 106: HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Total ann dur
Page 107 and 108: K Situated in the centre o
Page 109 and 110: GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS The top unit is
Page 111 and 112: References
Page 113 and 114: Region in 2009. It also was designa
Page 115 and 116:
The Kalkankale formation in Lake Ku
Page 117:
Agriculture Dry agriculture activit
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Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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