Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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One <strong>of</strong> these species is Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus), globally important species (Critically Endangered CR) which known as extinct in the Black Sea Myotis emarginatus) is one <strong>of</strong> Blasius's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus blasii), Greater Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), Caucasian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) and Gray Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus migratorius) living in the Delta. Finally, Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is another Culture and Social Features Archeology There are lots <strong>of</strong> archeological and cultural monuments reflecting the historical summation <strong>of</strong> the civilizations and periods <strong>of</strong> settlement history in and around the Kizilirmak Delta. history, is the main archeological value in the Delta. In the investigations carried out in ain settlement areas, 48 tumuluses, five rock graves, one bath, one bridge, and 25 findings belonging to the ancient age and just after it, have been found. It is known that there have been settlements for 2300 years in the region from the late Choleolithic age to the beginning <strong>of</strong> the middle bronze age. The highest hill was used as the cemetery in the first Bronze Age (B.C. 2300 2100). In the cemetery, which known as one <strong>of</strong> the biggest one in <strong>Turkey</strong>, 623 graves - including one mausoleum - have been found belongs to the Hellenistic time (B.C. 330 30). Past and Recent Land Use alluvial materials formed by collecting the large and small gravels, sand, silt and soil <strong>of</strong> Kizilirmak River at low-pitched areas. While it is not remarkable in numbers, the main change in land use after the construction <strong>of</strong> the dam is the increase in the agricultural areas. The number <strong>of</strong> illegal wells, interception and drainage channels are increased from past to present. Growth in the settlement areas does not make any serious pressure in terms <strong>of</strong> population and development in the region. While there were no industrial areas in 1987, there are new ones established at low scale. with a result <strong>of</strong> more than 300 secondary houses built on 73 hectare area. Using Natural Resources Agriculture Agriculture is the most common way <strong>of</strong> using natural resource in Kizilirmak Delta. Intensive agricultural activities are carried out in 56,000 ha big Kizilirmak Delta. Rice is one <strong>of</strong> the most intensely cultivated agricultural product on 6,735 ha areas close to water annually. Around 32 villages earning their life with agriculture in the Delta where the main intensive agricultural products are rice, wheat, pepper to make sauce, melon, white cabbage, red cabbage, leek, tomato, sugar beet. Industrial crops, according to the extensity <strong>of</strong> the cultivation areas, are sugar beet, sunflower and tobacco at higher places. 51
The greenhouse area in the Kizilirmak Delta is 60 decares. There are two seasonal products, one in winter season and one in summer season, in the greenhouses which have an average size <strong>of</strong> 480 meter square. Main products are cucumber, tomato, eggplant and lettuce. Livestock Livestock is one <strong>of</strong> the main income source for the local people. Main livestock villages in Kizilirmak Delta are the ones located nearby the wetland. Although the main livestock is cattle and sheep, it is also possible to see wild horses (jade) and camels in the Delta. Moreover, the biggest water buffalo population <strong>of</strong> <strong>Turkey</strong> is in Kizilirmak Delta. However, water buffalo husbandry decreases sharply due to shifting to agricultural activities. Number <strong>of</strong> water buffalo in the Delta between 19902006 Years 1990 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 No. <strong>of</strong> Buffalos 10.000 5.750 4.950 4.700 4.550 4.100 3.750 3.550 2.800 In fact water buffalo is one <strong>of</strong> the important elements for pasture vegetation, lake presence is important due to controlling the dispersion <strong>of</strong> many wetland plants, recreating <strong>of</strong> the reed beds and making protected areas for bird nests. Main income sources provided by Kizilirmak Delta: Fisheries, reed cutting and disrooting rushes Fisheries is an important income source in Kizilirmak Delta where has suitable habitats for fishes and other aquacultures. There are 4 aquaculture cooperatives in the region. These are Yorukler Doganca and Emenli Aquaculture Cooperatives. Sturgeons (Acipenser sp.), wels catfish (Siluris glanis), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) are some <strong>of</strong> the fish species found in Kizilirmak Delta. Another water resource in the Kizilirmak Delta is the lakes. The lakes with 2,440 ha at dry seasons and 9,250 ha at wet seasons are the important lagoon lakes <strong>of</strong> <strong>Turkey</strong>. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), zander (Stizostedion lucioperca), striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and crawfish hunting are undertaken in the lakes <strong>of</strong> Balik, Uzun, Gici, Tatli, Alintili, Parali, Cernek, Liman, Tuzlu, Suluklu, Karabogaz and Mulk. Reed Harvesting Reed harvesting is one <strong>of</strong> the most important economical activities in the Delta. Common reed (Phragmites australis), lesser bulrush (Typha angustifolia) and common club-rush (Scirpus lacustris) have been harvested and marketed. Reed harvesting is an income source for nearly 130 households in Doganca, has been exported to be used as ro<strong>of</strong> insulation material. 52
Page 1 and 2:
Ramsar Sit
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Acknowledgements We are thankful to
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Evaluation While the loss
Page 7 and 8: Index Ramsar <stro
Page 9 and 10: Map o GIS Unit 2
Page 11 and 12: determined and management plans are
Page 13 and 14: RAMSAR CRITERIA Criterion 1: A wetl
Page 15 and 16: the 24.523-hectare nature conservat
Page 17 and 18: plain had also started to sink and
Page 19 and 20: strepera), pied avocet (Recurvirost
Page 21 and 22: ) Visitors coming in groups for bir
Page 23 and 24: into the lake was designated as a n
Page 25 and 26: The lake with its immediate environ
Page 27 and 28: Amphibians and Reptiles The lake an
Page 29 and 30: is cultivated in remarkable portion
Page 31 and 32: Conservation Statuses A 23.585-hect
Page 33 and 34: around the lake. There are Lycium d
Page 35 and 36: The main occupation of</str
Page 37 and 38: G Demarcated by Erdemli distr
Page 39 and 40: Criteria 3 Criteria 4 Great white p
Page 41 and 42: Lakes and the supports e
Page 43 and 44: Fishery -tolerated stro
Page 45 and 46: Burdur Lake was decreed as a Waterb
Page 47 and 48: sulfate, chloride, sodium and magne
Page 49 and 50: (Eirenis modestus), four lined snak
Page 51 and 52: cological functioning and landscape
Page 53 and 54: Kizilirmak Delta is one of<
Page 55 and 56: than Kizilirmak River are Engiz and
Page 57: (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Ship S
Page 61 and 62: - Hustings, F. ve van Dijk, K. 199
Page 63 and 64: Lake Uluabat Ramsar</strong
Page 65 and 66: eds, sand plains, seasonal swamps a
Page 67 and 68: CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Archeol
Page 69 and 70: One of the most re
Page 71 and 72: Gediz Delta Ramsar
Page 73 and 74: ird species at a hirundo) and Medit
Page 75 and 76: species under 206 genera of
Page 77 and 78: Land Use Urban settlements surround
Page 79 and 80: Akyatan Lagoon Ramsar</stro
Page 81 and 82: categories. Union Bird and Habitat
Page 83 and 84: The lake is linked to the sea via a
Page 85 and 86: 10 Gobius ophiocephalus Goby fish
Page 87 and 88: tural values. Akyatan Lagoon have b
Page 89 and 90: http://www.ogm-adanaobm.gov.tr/habe
Page 91 and 92: Important Plant Area Important Bird
Page 93 and 94: Criterion 6 There are species that
Page 95 and 96: GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS After Ceyhan and
Page 97 and 98: periods, among the birds observed i
Page 99 and 100: Wheat and cotton production in the
Page 101 and 102: spawning and illegal troll fishing
Page 103 and 104: Meke Maar Ramsar S
Page 105 and 106: HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Total ann dur
Page 107 and 108: K Situated in the centre o
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GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS The top unit is
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References
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Region in 2009. It also was designa
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The Kalkankale formation in Lake Ku
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Agriculture Dry agriculture activit
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Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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