Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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Archeology human settlements in the site had begun in 1200 BC;; estimations argue it may have started in 4000 BC. Remnants dating back to Bronze Age were discovered in excavations in the area. The area had been under Bithynian, Lidian, Persian, Roman, Byzantium and Ottoman rule until the Turkish Republic was founded. During history the lake has had remarkable roles in economic, cultural and social lives <strong>of</strong> the people inhabiting in the area. Some sources argu Paradiso referring to Paradise itself in Roman times. Past and Present Land Use During history the lake has had remarkable roles in economic, cultural and social lives <strong>of</strong> the people inhabiting in the area. Communities living in the immediates <strong>of</strong> the lake benefited from the sources <strong>of</strong> the lake both for their need and trade as they do today. The first intervention to the lake had happened in 1940s. A regulator was installed at the outlet leg <strong>of</strong> the lake and the southern coasts were delineated by seawalls. In its natural structure, when water volume in the lake rose in springs, vast areas particularly in the southern coasts would have been flooded;; the areas surfaced following the withdrawal <strong>of</strong> the lake waters would have been cultivated or used as meadow. The area owns parts <strong>of</strong> the most fertile agriculture lands <strong>of</strong> <strong>Turkey</strong> thanks to its mild climate conditions and quality soil. Local people earn their livings generally on agriculture and agricultural industry. Meadow areas in the surrounds <strong>of</strong> the lake are used for livestock grazing. A significant part <strong>of</strong> the agriculture lands in northern portion <strong>of</strong> the lake have been allocated for industry and poultry farms following 1980s. The lake itself is used for fishery. The 64- purposes. NATURAL RESOURCE USE Local people earn their livings generally on agriculture and agricultural industry. Cattle and sheep raising as well as relatively developed modern poultry farming are important sources <strong>of</strong> income. Agriculture The area owns parts <strong>of</strong> the most fertile agriculture lands <strong>of</strong> <strong>Turkey</strong> thanks to its mild climate conditions and quality soil. The inefficient water resources in the area as well as convenience and inexpensiveness <strong>of</strong> using the lake water resulted in perception <strong>of</strong> Lake Sugar beet, wheat, sunflower, corn, rice, bean and legume foods are the commonly cultivated crops in agriculture lands around the lake. Sugar beet that used to be cultivated more commonly in the past is no more cultivated in some regions at all. Paddy 21
is cultivated in remarkable portions <strong>of</strong> agriculture lands in the south <strong>of</strong> the lake. Of fruits and vegetables apple, plum, cherry, peach, bean, okra and pepper fields also cover large land portions. Vegetable cultivation becomes intense in some parts <strong>of</strong> the lands where neighborhood, where lake water withdraws and is an important source <strong>of</strong> income for the local people. Livestock A significant part <strong>of</strong> the agriculture lands in northern portion <strong>of</strong> the lake have been allocated for industry and poultry farms following 1980s. . Cattle and sheep raising as well as relatively developed modern poultry farming are important sources <strong>of</strong> income for the local people. Meadow areas in the surrounds <strong>of</strong> the lake are used for livestock grazing. Fishery (Cyprinus carpio), northern pike (Esox lucius) and wels catfish (Silurus glanis) are the only commercial fish species the lake supports according to surveys regarding fisheries in Lake Manyas in 1953-1954. While 300-400 ton/year fish, most <strong>of</strong> which was common carp, was caught before 1985;; this amount has decreased significantly today. Crayfish that had a remarkable economic value in the past used to occur in the site, however got l.) was released into the lake for growing rapidly. Recreation neti National Park is the most renown and visited part <strong>of</strong> the site. With its intense and diverse flora as well as its habitats supporting hundreds <strong>of</strong> birds attracts numerous on. WETLAND MANAGEMENT PLAN The Lake Manyas Wetland Management Plan works were initiated by the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment and Forestry Directorate General <strong>of</strong> Nature Conservation and National Parks in 2001 and completed in 2006. The plan has been revised as to include activities between 2008-2013. References 2013) 22
Page 1 and 2: Ramsar Sit
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements We are thankful to
Page 5 and 6: Evaluation While the loss
Page 7 and 8: Index Ramsar <stro
Page 9 and 10: Map o GIS Unit 2
Page 11 and 12: determined and management plans are
Page 13 and 14: RAMSAR CRITERIA Criterion 1: A wetl
Page 15 and 16: the 24.523-hectare nature conservat
Page 17 and 18: plain had also started to sink and
Page 19 and 20: strepera), pied avocet (Recurvirost
Page 21 and 22: ) Visitors coming in groups for bir
Page 23 and 24: into the lake was designated as a n
Page 25 and 26: The lake with its immediate environ
Page 27: Amphibians and Reptiles The lake an
Page 31 and 32: Conservation Statuses A 23.585-hect
Page 33 and 34: around the lake. There are Lycium d
Page 35 and 36: The main occupation of</str
Page 37 and 38: G Demarcated by Erdemli distr
Page 39 and 40: Criteria 3 Criteria 4 Great white p
Page 41 and 42: Lakes and the supports e
Page 43 and 44: Fishery -tolerated stro
Page 45 and 46: Burdur Lake was decreed as a Waterb
Page 47 and 48: sulfate, chloride, sodium and magne
Page 49 and 50: (Eirenis modestus), four lined snak
Page 51 and 52: cological functioning and landscape
Page 53 and 54: Kizilirmak Delta is one of<
Page 55 and 56: than Kizilirmak River are Engiz and
Page 57 and 58: (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Ship S
Page 59 and 60: The greenhouse area in the Kizilirm
Page 61 and 62: - Hustings, F. ve van Dijk, K. 199
Page 63 and 64: Lake Uluabat Ramsar</strong
Page 65 and 66: eds, sand plains, seasonal swamps a
Page 67 and 68: CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Archeol
Page 69 and 70: One of the most re
Page 71 and 72: Gediz Delta Ramsar
Page 73 and 74: ird species at a hirundo) and Medit
Page 75 and 76: species under 206 genera of
Page 77 and 78: Land Use Urban settlements surround
Page 79 and 80:
Akyatan Lagoon Ramsar</stro
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categories. Union Bird and Habitat
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The lake is linked to the sea via a
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10 Gobius ophiocephalus Goby fish
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tural values. Akyatan Lagoon have b
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http://www.ogm-adanaobm.gov.tr/habe
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Important Plant Area Important Bird
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Criterion 6 There are species that
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GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS After Ceyhan and
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periods, among the birds observed i
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Wheat and cotton production in the
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spawning and illegal troll fishing
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Meke Maar Ramsar S
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HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Total ann dur
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K Situated in the centre o
Page 109 and 110:
GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS The top unit is
Page 111 and 112:
References
Page 113 and 114:
Region in 2009. It also was designa
Page 115 and 116:
The Kalkankale formation in Lake Ku
Page 117:
Agriculture Dry agriculture activit
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Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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