Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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Criteria 3 Criteria 4 The site regularly supports significant numbers <strong>of</strong> waterbirds that show the value, fertility or richness <strong>of</strong> a wetland. Particularly waterbirds use the site during migration periods. 266 bird species are recorded in the site in the observations so far. . In the observations so far 22 bird species breed in the lake occasionally, 66 species breed in the lake every year and 178 species use the lake during migration. The site is an important breeding site <strong>of</strong> threatened species as Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus), pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus). Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), grey heron (Ardea cinerea), glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) are other bir species breeding in the site. Criteria 5 There are 20.000 bird species regularly in the site. Criteria 8 site for fish species. Thousands <strong>of</strong> coastal birds are recorded to stage in the site during spring. Due to being located on African, Asian and almost three million birds visit the site. (Nutrient-rich) lake. Rich in terms <strong>of</strong> wide range <strong>of</strong> plankton and benthic organisms, the site is a safeguarded wildlife area for species. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), wels catfish (Silurus glanis), northern pike (Esox lucius) and European chub (Leuciscus cephalus) are the leading ones <strong>of</strong> these species. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE The 64- July 27, 1959 and the 25.000-hectare covering Lake Manyas and its immediates was designated as wildlife conservation site. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment and Forestry Directorate Environment and Forestry Nature Conservation and National Parks Chief Engineering Office are the competent authorities responsible for the management <strong>of</strong> the park. A total <strong>of</strong> five personnel including two administrative, two guards and one research associate work in the site. 17
The lake with its immediate environment was designated as Natural Site <strong>of</strong> 1 st Degree in 1981. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Culture is responsible for the activities within the natural site. Works to include the 120-hectare area <strong>of</strong> reed beds, wet meadow areas and muddy continue. In the meantime land tenure <strong>of</strong> the mentioned area is handed over to Union for HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Precipitation in Manyas Basin and its immediates, where summers are hot and dry and winters are warm and rainy, generally occur between October and April. The highest precipitation months are December and January. 1/3 <strong>of</strong> the 700-mm mean precipitation falls in these two months. July and August are the driest months. The coldest month is January and the lowest temperature is recorded to be - months are July -75 percent. Marmara (transition) climate prevails in the region. Water level in Lake Manyas 3 m). These variations are closely related to the rainfall amounts in the basin. Melting snows and successive dry and wet periods last 19-20 years. After seawalls were constructed along the southern coast <strong>of</strong> the lake and regulators water level. The highest lake water level was measured as 17m in 1996 and the lowest water level as 14.4m in 1983. The lake water level reaches its highest level during March-April and its lowest level during September-October, long-term averages indicate. Following interference in the water regime in 1992, the water level has become average 1m higher particularly in summer and falls. The main reason <strong>of</strong> the remarkable water level difference between summers and falls is drainage from the lake for agricultural activities. The water pumped out <strong>of</strong> the lake is used for agriculture in Karacabey Plain. In 30 years, developing industry and poultry resulted in degradation <strong>of</strong> water quality. The degradation <strong>of</strong> lake water quality and natural water regime affected the ecological cycle and some species got receded from the site. GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS Morphological structure <strong>of</strong> Manyas Basin is closely related to its geological structure. High formed over old metamorphic rocks such as crystallized limestone and granite. While plains are covered with quaternary old alluvions, lower plateaus at skirts dispend over low-resistance Neocene old units covering vast areas. 18
Page 1 and 2: Ramsar Sit
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements We are thankful to
Page 5 and 6: Evaluation While the loss
Page 7 and 8: Index Ramsar <stro
Page 9 and 10: Map o GIS Unit 2
Page 11 and 12: determined and management plans are
Page 13 and 14: RAMSAR CRITERIA Criterion 1: A wetl
Page 15 and 16: the 24.523-hectare nature conservat
Page 17 and 18: plain had also started to sink and
Page 19 and 20: strepera), pied avocet (Recurvirost
Page 21 and 22: ) Visitors coming in groups for bir
Page 23: into the lake was designated as a n
Page 27 and 28: Amphibians and Reptiles The lake an
Page 29 and 30: is cultivated in remarkable portion
Page 31 and 32: Conservation Statuses A 23.585-hect
Page 33 and 34: around the lake. There are Lycium d
Page 35 and 36: The main occupation of</str
Page 37 and 38: G Demarcated by Erdemli distr
Page 39 and 40: Criteria 3 Criteria 4 Great white p
Page 41 and 42: Lakes and the supports e
Page 43 and 44: Fishery -tolerated stro
Page 45 and 46: Burdur Lake was decreed as a Waterb
Page 47 and 48: sulfate, chloride, sodium and magne
Page 49 and 50: (Eirenis modestus), four lined snak
Page 51 and 52: cological functioning and landscape
Page 53 and 54: Kizilirmak Delta is one of<
Page 55 and 56: than Kizilirmak River are Engiz and
Page 57 and 58: (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Ship S
Page 59 and 60: The greenhouse area in the Kizilirm
Page 61 and 62: - Hustings, F. ve van Dijk, K. 199
Page 63 and 64: Lake Uluabat Ramsar</strong
Page 65 and 66: eds, sand plains, seasonal swamps a
Page 67 and 68: CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Archeol
Page 69 and 70: One of the most re
Page 71 and 72: Gediz Delta Ramsar
Page 73 and 74: ird species at a hirundo) and Medit
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species under 206 genera of
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Land Use Urban settlements surround
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Akyatan Lagoon Ramsar</stro
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categories. Union Bird and Habitat
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The lake is linked to the sea via a
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10 Gobius ophiocephalus Goby fish
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tural values. Akyatan Lagoon have b
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http://www.ogm-adanaobm.gov.tr/habe
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Important Plant Area Important Bird
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Criterion 6 There are species that
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GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS After Ceyhan and
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periods, among the birds observed i
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Wheat and cotton production in the
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spawning and illegal troll fishing
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Meke Maar Ramsar S
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HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Total ann dur
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K Situated in the centre o
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GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS The top unit is
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References
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Region in 2009. It also was designa
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The Kalkankale formation in Lake Ku
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Agriculture Dry agriculture activit
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Ramsar Sites of Turkey - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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