Landscape – Great Idea! X-LArch III - Department für Raum ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

86 Endnotes [1] Anyone interested in participating in a community garden can contact the master gardener that the group has appointed. Community gardening in New York City is free of charge, but a deposit for the key to the garden’s fence is frequently applied. [2] “(New York) State law defines community gardens as “public or private lands upon which citizens of the state have the opportunity to garden on land which they do not individually own. There are well over 1,000 registered or permitted community gardens in New York’s cities and many more cases where residents have rescued derelict private or public lots in an effort to build more livable neighborhoods.” (http://www.agmkt.state.ny.us/cg/cghome.html, [as accessed 5. January 2009] [3] In 2006 there are 138 community gardens in the South Bronx, with the greatest concentration in the central neighborhoods of Melrose, the Hub and Morrisania. (Analysis of Community Gardens Agreement and www.cenyc.org, 2006, see Mees, PhD thesis, prospectively 2010) [4] In 1977, ABC’s reporter Howard Cosell commented the red sky in the background of a World Series game in Yankee Stadium, ‚‘There it is, ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is burning‘‘. ( New York , Dec 24; ABC, October 12, 1977) [5] So-called Victory or War Gardens, gardens were planted collectively by residents on public lawns, in parks, backyards and on rooftops in American metropolis during the First and the Second World Wars. They were initiated by the US government in order to “support the war effort on the home front” and alleviating nutrition shortages by encouraging the population to grow food locally. (Lawson, (2005)) [6] President Jimmy Carter visited the desolate Charlotte Street neighborhood in 1977 and Ronald Reagan stopped there on his presidential candidate in 1980. Both visits were televised all over the nation. [7] Later, in 1995, the program was moved to the Department of Parks and Recreation and the word “Operation” removed from the name, a reflection of the changing economy and new administration’s view that community gardens were non-essential recreation opportunities rather than important community revitalization projects. (Stone, 2000) [8] There are other programs providing materials and technical assistance like the non-profit organization Green Guerillas, founded in 1973, and More Gardens!, a non-profit organization formed in 1998. [9] Mayor Edward I. Koch’s so called „Ten Year Plan“ called for $4.1 billion, later upped to $5.1 billion, to be spent on affordable housing and reconstruction citywide. (Worth, 1999) [10] The number of population in the South Bronx was in 2000 up again to 523,000 residents. (Gonzales, 2004) [11] On the land use conflict between housing and community gardens in the South Bronx, see Mees, 2007. [12] The American Community Gardening Association was founded in 1979 following two national community gardening conferences organized by the City of Chicago Department of Human Services in 1978 and 1979. [13] The Trust for Public Land, a national, non-profit organization has worked since 1972 with landowners, community groups, and national, state, and local agencies on land conservation projects. The non-profit organization New York Restoration Project has been founded by the actress Bette Midler in 1995. [14] Mayor Michael Bloomberg proposed in 2002 his New Marketplace Housing Plan to create 65,000 housing units over the next five years built-up on the last “vacant” lots that the city-owned. (Department of Housing Preservation and Development, 2002) [15] GreenThumb is the nation‘s largest urban gardening program, assisting over 600 gardens and nearly 20,000 garden members throughout New York City. (http://www.greenthumbnyc.org/mission. html, as accessed on 7. January 2009) [16] The guidebook for a self-built “Gardenhaus” is available online on the webpage. (www.greenthumbnyc.org) [17] In Puerto Rico, for example, landless urban residents took over marginal public land on the urban periphery to create a garden with a wooden “casita”. (Sciorra, 1996: 70, 71) [18] (See Stone, 2009) References American Community Gardening Association (ACGA) (1996, 1998): National Community Gardens Survey ABC broadcast (October 12, 1977): Word Series, Howard Cosell Been, Vicki and Ioan Voicu (November 29, 2005): The Effect of Community Gardens on Neighboring Property Values. Paper prepared for the NYU Law and Economics Workshop. furmancenter. nyu.edu/publications/documents/Community_Gardens_Paper_ Aug3_2006f.pdf. [as accessed 5. January 2009] Broadcast on WABC (1999): Interview with Mayor Rudolph Giuliani of New York City. Brown. James P. (Dec 24, 1974): South Bronx Is Burning. New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Department of Housing Preservation and Development (10th December, 2002): New Marketplace Housing Plan. Creating Housing for the next Generation. New York: City of New York, Feldman, Jonathan M. (1997): A Solution to New York‘s Affordable Housing Crisis. New York: The Business, Labor and Community Coalition of New York. Gonzales, Evelyn (2004); The Bronx. New York: Columbia University Press. Grünsteidel, Irmtraud (2000): Community Gardens, Grüne Oasen in den Ghettos von New York. In: Meyer-Renschhausen, Elisabeth & Anne Holl (ed.) (2000): Die Wiederkehr der Gärten: Kleinwirtschaft im Zeitalter der Globalisierung. Meyer-Renschhausen, Elisabeth & Anne Holl (Hrsg.), Studienverlag Innsbruck, 125-139. Lawson, Laura J. (2005): City Bountiful. A Century of Community Gardening in America. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California and London, England: University of California Press, Ltd. Leonhardt, David (August 31, 2005): Poverty Rate was up last year. New York: The New York Times. Linn, Karl (1999): Reclaiming the sacred commons. New Village Journal, Issue1, http://www.newvillage.net/Journal/ Issue1/1sacredcommon.html [as accessed 6 January 2009] McCain, Marc (February 1, 1987): A New Mall for the South Bronx Hub. New York: The New York Times. Mees, Carolin (2007): Urban Gardens and Poverty: An Analysis on the example of the Community Gardens in the South Bronx of New York City. Acta Horticulturae, 762:205-220. Leuven, Belgium: International Society for Horticultural Science. Paper presented at the International Horticultural Congress 2006, Seoul, South Korea, International Symposium on Horticultural Plants in Urban and Peri- Urban Life. New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets: Community Gardens Program. http://www.agmkt.state.ny.us/cg/cghome.html [as accessed 6. January 2009] Sciorra, Joseph (1996): Return to the Future: Puerto Rican Vernacular Architecture. In: New York City. In: King, Anthony D. (ed.) (1996): Re-presenting the City: Ethnicity, capital, and culture in the 21stcentury metropolis. New York: New York University Press, 60-84.
87 Stone, Edie (22nd July, 2000): Community Gardening in New York City Becomes a Political Movement. Paper presented at the conference „Perspectives of Small-Scale Farming in Urban and Rural Areas-about the Social and Ecological Necessity of Gardens and Informal Agriculture“, Berlin, Germany. Stone Edie (2009): The Benefits of Community-Managed Open Space: Community Gardening in New York City. In: Campbell, Lindsay and Anne Wiesen (2009): Restorative Commons: Creating Health and Well-Being Through Urban Landscapes. New York City: U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. Worth, Robert (April 1999): Guess Who Saved the South Bronx? The silent partner in community development. : The Washington Monthly, Volume 31, Issue 4. http://www.washingtonmonthly.com [as accessed 10 June 2005] www.greenthumbnyc.org [as accessed 7. January 2009] www.cenyc.org, [as accessed 6. December 2006] Papers
Page 1 and 2:
University of Natural Resources and
Page 3 and 4:
Authors of the papers are fully res
Page 5:
3 Day 2 Thursday, April 30, 2009 Se
Page 8 and 9:
6 The “Landscape-Infrastructure
Page 10 and 11:
8 a) b) Fig. 2 : Study of the perme
Page 12 and 13:
10 Endnotes [1] Bernetti, Casini, M
Page 14 and 15:
12 Urban landscapes need great idea
Page 16 and 17:
14 the term “overall expression
Page 18 and 19:
16 Fig. 2: Initial overall pictures
Page 20 and 21:
18 Evaluation of Open Space Form an
Page 22 and 23:
20 Fig. 5: Other vegetation This st
Page 24 and 25:
22 Type of activity: • Exercise/p
Page 26 and 27:
24 Landscaped, Modern, or Social? T
Page 28 and 29:
26 Fig. 2: Rose and Perennial Show
Page 30 and 31:
28 Herbert Bayer’s Megastructures
Page 32 and 33:
30 a large extent the Japanese deve
Page 34 and 35:
32 A Fertile Wilderness: The CPR’
Page 36 and 37:
34 Fig.3 as their destination. The
Page 38 and 39: 36 The Method of Structuralist Land
Page 40 and 41: 38 Fig. 2: SLA implements gender eq
Page 42 and 43: 40 Landscape Evaluation Process. A
Page 44 and 45: 42 systematic application of certai
Page 46 and 47: 44 holders (as Piemonte Region, Riv
Page 48 and 49: 46 Frameworks - Preparing rural lan
Page 50 and 51: 48 The issues are organized into fa
Page 52 and 53: 50 Do Landscape Architects make the
Page 54 and 55: 52 within the larger landscape piec
Page 56 and 57: 54 Landscape as Urban Structure: th
Page 58 and 59: 56 city extension area but also in
Page 60 and 61: 58 housing neighborhoods. Construct
Page 62 and 63: 60 “massive change, required - ni
Page 64 and 65: 62 architecture’s ability to conc
Page 66 and 67: 64 cape Journal 6 (1): 4-12 Jackson
Page 68 and 69: 66 Green Idea/Grey Reality Carl Smi
Page 70 and 71: 68 argument was put forward for omi
Page 72 and 73: 70 Green Streets Potential for Down
Page 74 and 75: 72 size of rain garden through the
Page 76 and 77: 74 Climate Change asks for Sustaina
Page 78 and 79: 76 Fig. 2: Simplified example (livi
Page 80 and 81: 78 Sustainability in Park Design -
Page 82 and 83: 80 Fig 2: Integrative Design Approa
Page 84 and 85: 82 Preserving community gardens in
Page 86 and 87: 84 the City applied the military so
Page 90 and 91: 88 Urban imageability & open space
Page 92 and 93: 90 ning up degraded wetlands, plant
Page 94 and 95: 92 How to balance the multiple role
Page 96 and 97: 94 to the site. The public domain i
Page 98 and 99: 96 public spaces in the HBA, and by
Page 100 and 101: 98 Questions of scale for sustainab
Page 102 and 103: 100 Fig. 4: Nested structure of an
Page 104 and 105: 102 Fig. 8: Fragmentary planning mo
Page 106 and 107: 104 Moving Land: International Buil
Page 108 and 109: 106 Fig. 3: Concept Desert/Oasis We
Page 110 and 111: 108 Exploring a New Mode of Sustain
Page 112 and 113: 110 Serveral private sectors initia
Page 114 and 115: 112 Structuring the Concept of Land
Page 116 and 117: 114 transformation; the regulative
Page 118 and 119: 116 Anti-planning, anti-design? Exp
Page 120 and 121: 118 ate them, provided they still r
Page 122 and 123: 120 Complexity Ethos + Strategies:
Page 124 and 125: 122 cher” from a twenty-five foot
Page 126 and 127: 124 Great Ideas in Landscapes Seen
Page 128 and 129: 126 Depending on motivation, these
Page 130 and 131: 128 The traditions of landscape sch
Page 132 and 133: 130 Landscape Insertions: Operation
Page 134 and 135: 132 Fig. 02: Llorca Stéphanie, AXY
Page 136 and 137: 134 and creative innovation that in
Page 138 and 139:
136 Significance of the post-mining
Page 140 and 141:
138 Designing the post-industrial c
Page 142 and 143:
140 Hidden landscapes - The Enclose
Page 144 and 145:
142 Fig. 3: Paley Park is an inters
Page 146 and 147:
144 House and Exterior in the archi
Page 148 and 149:
146 Fig. 4 architectonical work“
Page 150 and 151:
148 The socio-cultural role of peri
Page 152 and 153:
150 Ecological networks representat
Page 154 and 155:
152 Veneto integrated water landsca
Page 156 and 157:
154 Fig. 2: Ponte di Piave 2025 (A)
Page 158 and 159:
156 Observing the Landscape Roland
Page 160 and 161:
158 Fig. 2: signalman house and rai
Page 162 and 163:
160 Mobility and Territory Sanja Cv
Page 164 and 165:
162 Kevin Lynch’s Openness of the
Page 166 and 167:
164 Phytoremediation as an Experien
Page 168 and 169:
166 Fig. 2: Rhizotron: An undergrou
Page 170 and 171:
168
Page 172 and 173:
170
Page 174 and 175:
172
Page 176 and 177:
174
Page 178 and 179:
176
Page 180 and 181:
178
Page 184:
Many Thanks to our Supporters ILA -
show all

Landscape – Great Idea! X-LArch III - Department für Raum ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?