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56 city extension area but also in the existing city – as the absorptive capacity of the land is severely compromised. Advancing Agricultural Logics – High-land/ Lowland & Orchard City A careful reading of the existing territory provides clues to an alternative to business-as-usual tabula rasa-making by the indiscriminate filling of low-lands. Cantho’s existing landscape is one of minute, yet important topographical differences. The city and its surroundings have existed for centuries in an intricate balance and interdependent structure of water and land, permeable and impermeable surfaces – all organized by the necessary hydraulic territorial systems for water management and soil stabilization – and capitalized upon by productive low-land paddy and orchards atop dikes. Levels of inundation determine distinct land uses (productive/inhabited, safe/unsafe, etc.). In a land where the difference of a few centimeters creates completely diverse conditions, the primitive manipulation of topography becomes a powerful urban design tool. The high-land network of roads (existing and planned) can be off-set by the lower-land waterways/ plains and medium-land level vegetation meshes – in a system of organized dispersal. The expanding city and its periphery can be intentionally planned as a non-hierarchical territorial network that allows urbanization to occur where infrastructure (including high-land for structures) is organized. An intermingling of urban and rural activities across the territory’s networks of water and roads can not only maintain the region’s productivity and dispersal of public services, but also keep the ecological balance in-check. Fig. 2: The highland mesh of the productive orchards can structure urbanity on the periphery and infiltrate the urban core. At the same time, the agricultural identity of the city can be made more apparent. The spindly figure of Cantho’s surrounding mesh of orchards could be extended along the territory’s smaller waterways to the bank of the Hau River and across the Cantho River to the newly planned district. The city’s undeveloped islands could become vast orchards. New flowering fingers could become an important component of a system of public spaces throughout the existing city and its extension – connecting urban to rural, land to water and recreation to production (fig. 2). The existing congestion could be counterbalanced by inclusion of productive green zones in the urban fabric. Afforestation (with orchards) could be developed through ‘social forestry’ whereby unused and fallow land is planted, maintained and harvested by the common man with economic returns profiting the community participation in the management of natural resources. In particular ‘extension forestry’ – where plating alongside canals, roads and railways – could not only improve ecology, but also beautify areas, create economies and eventually lead to a green network of an expanded public realm. Strategic sites could as well host a series of touristic and research-oriented programs. Mediating River and Road The overlapping of multiple networks is the region’s primary spatial quality. Historically, intensification of urban development occurred at the confluences of networked systems. Traditionally, the waterway system, both natural and man-made, was the foundation upon which other organizational systems were laid. The Cantho and Hau Rivers dominate the city and are important for trade (witnessed by the prevalence of floating markets), whereas Fig. 3: The water-based and road-based city can work hand-in-hand to create an efficient public transport system.
57 Of course, the new spatial order afforded by major shifts in investment can be an opportunity to more structurally interweave local communities, local economies, international trade and tourism, infrastructure and sensitive eco-systems – but this requires multi-scalar and multisectoral thinking. The structuring capacity of landscape and infrastructure can be considered the flip-sides of a complementary system. The very fact that infrastructure constructs sites by disclosing their accessibility can be more intelligently tied to qualitatively up-grade existing urban tissues and to highlight strategic areas for new programs and investments. For Cantho, the defining of a public transport road-based bus system and a complementary water taxi (vaporetto) system can (re)define movement corridors as vessels of collective life. A vaporetto network could take advantage of the river confluence and the dense mesh of canals. A series of circuit loops could potentially link the far reaches of the rural hinterlands with the bustling urban core. Transfer stations and stops could correspond with intersections of water and roads. A series of express and local stops could create an efficient public transport system and public platforms with social infrastructure financed by the revenues generated by corresponding real estate speculation for the well-located same sites. Once married with landscape, infrastructure can more meaningfully integrate territories, reduce marginalization and segregation and stimulate new forms of interaction (fig. 3). Fig. 4: Water purification parks could structure the coming urbanity in a present rural area southwest of Cantho’s center. in the rural area, the Binh Thuy River and other water courses are essential for orientation. Until recently, infrastructure has been a problem for Cantho and the Mekong Delta in general. However, over the past decade, there has been massive investment – with loans from the World Bank (WB) and Asian Development Bank (ADB) – in road-based infrastructure. Across Vietnam, huge expenditure is justified in the name of strengthening the foundations towards promoting overall growth, development and poverty reduction. Urban conurbations and settlements are repositioned in terms of new economies, proximities and hierarchies. All too often, the pragmatics of road engineering logics contradict the logics of the landscape; they essentially operate as dikes, cutting across vast swaths of paddy and plantations. Such interventions radically alter imagery of the landscape, the ecology and water flow across the territory. New Water Infrastructures In Vietnam, as in many developing countries, infrastructure investments of all sorts are of the greatest priority. It is perhaps paradoxical that in the Mekong Delta, a region overwhelmed by water – especially in the two monsoon seasons – that access to clean drinking water is problematic. This coupled with inadequate storm water evacuation and increased flooding risk (due to climate change and rapid urbanization) translates to an incredible opportunity to rethink the potentials of water infrastructure. A scenario was tested for Cantho’s suburban district of Phong Dien (5000 ha) a rich agricultural area – famous for its fruit and flower orchards. Phong Dien is slated to grow from a population of 23,000 poor rural farmers to a model ‘eco-zone’ of 70,000 new urbanites by 2020. Of course, ecology cannot be zoned (as this district has been singled out as an eco-district of the city in Cantho’s masterpaln), but such classification allows for the re-imagining of contemporary water-based urbanism. The district is located up-stream on the Cantho River and southwest of the Cantho’s urban core, and structured by linear development along the river and smaller waterways. In a landscape/ infrastructure-biased strategy, future urbanization could be guided by public works – roads and multi-functional water-parks. A system of water purification and water retention systems could double as recreational parks and form the core of various new Papers
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University of Natural Resources and
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Authors of the papers are fully res
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3 Day 2 Thursday, April 30, 2009 Se
Page 8 and 9: 6 The “Landscape-Infrastructure
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Page 12 and 13: 10 Endnotes [1] Bernetti, Casini, M
Page 14 and 15: 12 Urban landscapes need great idea
Page 16 and 17: 14 the term “overall expression
Page 18 and 19: 16 Fig. 2: Initial overall pictures
Page 20 and 21: 18 Evaluation of Open Space Form an
Page 22 and 23: 20 Fig. 5: Other vegetation This st
Page 24 and 25: 22 Type of activity: • Exercise/p
Page 26 and 27: 24 Landscaped, Modern, or Social? T
Page 28 and 29: 26 Fig. 2: Rose and Perennial Show
Page 30 and 31: 28 Herbert Bayer’s Megastructures
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Page 34 and 35: 32 A Fertile Wilderness: The CPR’
Page 36 and 37: 34 Fig.3 as their destination. The
Page 38 and 39: 36 The Method of Structuralist Land
Page 40 and 41: 38 Fig. 2: SLA implements gender eq
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Page 44 and 45: 42 systematic application of certai
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Page 48 and 49: 46 Frameworks - Preparing rural lan
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Page 56 and 57: 54 Landscape as Urban Structure: th
Page 60 and 61: 58 housing neighborhoods. Construct
Page 62 and 63: 60 “massive change, required - ni
Page 64 and 65: 62 architecture’s ability to conc
Page 66 and 67: 64 cape Journal 6 (1): 4-12 Jackson
Page 68 and 69: 66 Green Idea/Grey Reality Carl Smi
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Page 72 and 73: 70 Green Streets Potential for Down
Page 74 and 75: 72 size of rain garden through the
Page 76 and 77: 74 Climate Change asks for Sustaina
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Page 80 and 81: 78 Sustainability in Park Design -
Page 82 and 83: 80 Fig 2: Integrative Design Approa
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Page 86 and 87: 84 the City applied the military so
Page 88 and 89: 86 Endnotes [1] Anyone interested i
Page 90 and 91: 88 Urban imageability & open space
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Page 94 and 95: 92 How to balance the multiple role
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106 Fig. 3: Concept Desert/Oasis We
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108 Exploring a New Mode of Sustain
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110 Serveral private sectors initia
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112 Structuring the Concept of Land
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114 transformation; the regulative
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116 Anti-planning, anti-design? Exp
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118 ate them, provided they still r
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120 Complexity Ethos + Strategies:
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122 cher” from a twenty-five foot
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124 Great Ideas in Landscapes Seen
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126 Depending on motivation, these
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128 The traditions of landscape sch
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130 Landscape Insertions: Operation
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132 Fig. 02: Llorca Stéphanie, AXY
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134 and creative innovation that in
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136 Significance of the post-mining
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138 Designing the post-industrial c
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140 Hidden landscapes - The Enclose
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142 Fig. 3: Paley Park is an inters
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144 House and Exterior in the archi
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146 Fig. 4 architectonical work“
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148 The socio-cultural role of peri
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150 Ecological networks representat
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152 Veneto integrated water landsca
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154 Fig. 2: Ponte di Piave 2025 (A)
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156 Observing the Landscape Roland
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158 Fig. 2: signalman house and rai
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160 Mobility and Territory Sanja Cv
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162 Kevin Lynch’s Openness of the
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164 Phytoremediation as an Experien
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166 Fig. 2: Rhizotron: An undergrou
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