Landscape – Great Idea! X-LArch III - Department für Raum ...

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Endnotes
[1] Influential works in complexity and nonlinear dynamics include
the following list, which is not exhaustive. Physics: (Bak 1996, Gell-
Mann 1994, Holland 1999, Kauffman 1990); philosophy: (Taylor
2001, De Landa 1997, Deleuze 1987) geography: (Phillips 1999,
Urry 2005); social science (Chesters 2005), economics and computer
programming (Johnson 2001), and city planning (Batty 2005,
Batty 2008, Jacobs 1961)
[2] These findings are discussed in greater detail in my previous
work (Belanger 2009). I am applying the work of philosopher Manuel
DeLanda for this definition of landscape. (De Landa 1997).
[3] James Corner has suggested that landscape urbanism might be
approached similarly. (Corner 2003)
[4] Some of these concepts were initially explored in a previous
work (Belanger 2006). This paper represents the addition of significant
research and conceptual advancement.
[5] Credited to Michel Foucault, (Beauregard 2005: 56).
[6] Elizabeth Meyer cites several nineteenth century landscape
architects who have written specifically about reading a site and
revealing a latent armature for design decisions. Andrew Jackson
Downing relied upon topography, vegetation, and spatial configuration
for embellishment with landscape art; Vaux and Olmsted
Sr. used glacial geomorphologies as a framework for organizing
picturesque scenery in Prospect Park, New York; and Beatrix Farrand
described using landform as the primary organizing feature at
Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C. (Meyer 2005).
[7] This notion is supported by James Corner, who argues that geometry,
material and form are fundamental to landscape architecture,
and must be integrated with process-driven design strategies.
(Corner 2004) 2
[8] This used to be more common in landscape architectural practice.
For example, landscape architect Beatrix Farrand oversaw the
landscape of Princeton’s campus for over thirty years, beginning in
1912 (LoBiondo 2000).
References
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