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KAPN, 17, 138, 172, 187, 199, 204-208, 210, 215, 223, 227, 237-238, 241-242, 244-245, 247-248, 294, 304, 310-311, 342, 378, 382, 393-394, 401, 411-412, 422, 425-426, 429, 434-435, 443, 448 Karasek (Horst), 240-241 Karski (ps. of Julian Marchlewski), 54 Katayama (Sen) [ps. of Yabuki Sugataro], 168, 172 Katz (Ivan), 228-229, 245, 407-408 KAU, 17, 21, 173, 216, 233, 235-236, 238, 240-241, 246, 248-249, 251-252, 261, 280-281, 374-375, 383, 403, 405-407, 409-410, 421-423, 448 Kautsky (Karl), 16, 33, 35, 36, 38-39, 43, 52, 57-58, 60- 64, 68-71, 73, 76-77, 87, 90-91, 93-97, 100-101, 103- 104, 106-110, 119, 121-123, 278-280, 286-287, 384, 388, 396, 401, 417-418, 450 Kemal (Mustafa), 176, 179, 200 Kenafick (Kenneth Joseph) [ps.: Kennedy (James)], 345 Kennedy (Jimmy), 411 Kharlakov (Nikolai), 138 Kief (Frits), 210, 237, 249, 294, 369, 382, 402, 411-413, 434, 435 Kiès (Paul), 317 Kirchhoff (Paul), 305 Klahre (Willy), 154, 156, 222 Klement (Rudolf), 314 Klockner (Clemens), 170, 199, 203, 441 Knabb (Ken), 359 Knief (Johann) [alias: Unruh (Peter)], 64-65, 74, 124, 433 Knüfken (Hermann), 156, 224, 427, 441 Knuttel (Johannis Adrianus Nelinus), 36, 68, 72, 122 Koefoed (Axel), 246 Koejemans (Anthoon Johan), 64, 131 Koeslag (Gerrit Jan), 333, 339 Kol (Hendrijk van), 30, 31, 56, 57, 58, 60, 89 Kolarov (Vasil), 204 Kolinkoev (Ivan), 169, 193, 209, 409, 431 Kollontai (Alexandra), 201-202, 205 Kolthek (Harm), 132, 138, 140 Kommunistischer Rätebund, 199 Kool (Frits), 16, 204, 236, 238, 371, 407, 410, 417 Kornilov (Lavr), 313, 320 Korper (Abraham; or Bram), 152, 172, 199, 210, 237, 249, 294, 342, 382, 394, 411 Korper (Emmanuel), 148, 205, 230, 286 Korper (Rosa), 204-205, 242 Korsch (Karl), 220, 228-229, 245, 247, 278, 281-282, 285, 286, 304, 307, 320-321, 331, 373, 402, 408, 412, 416, 418, 428 Kozlovsky (Aleksandr Nikolaevich), 165 KPD, 16, 17, 21, 62-63, 146-147, 149, 150-155, 157, 160-162, 170-172, 174, 178, 182, 195, 198, 200, 202, 206-207, 222, 224, 227-228, 230-231, 238-241, 244- 246, 248-249, 281, 374-375, 383, 393-396, 403-406, 408, 422-423, 425, 427, 433, 436, 437, 440-442, 447- 450 KPO, 448 Kraus (Karl), 246, 433 Krebs (Richard) [alias: Valtin (Jan)], 439 Krehm (William), 319 Kropf, 193, 209 Kropotkin (Piotr Alekseievich), 32, 136 Kruyt (John William), 171 Kubina (Michael), 246, 279, 381, 402 Kubina (Sylvia), 401, 425 Kuckuk (Peter), 170, 425, 431 Kuile (Cees van der), 343 Kun (Bela), 169, 182 Kunze (Erich) [alias: Petersen (Richard); Sackermann?; Sachs?], 173, 246 Kurella (Alfred), 207 Kuschewski (Kurt), 209 Kuttner (Erich), 175 Kuyper (Abraham), 26, 36, 41, 44, 68 Kuz’min (Nikolai Nikolaevitch), 178 Lafargue (Paul), 100 Lamm (Fritz), 408 Landau (Kurt), 210, 384, 440 Landauer (Gustav), 29, 407 Langels (Otto), 241 Langerhans (Heinz), 279 LAO, 237, 241, 242, 247, 294, 423, 448 Last (Jef), 224, 304, 400 Laufenberg (Heinrich) [alias Erler (Karl)], 134, 142, 147, 152-155, 172-173, 178, 392, 405, 420-421, 432 Le Bon (Gustave), 94, 109 Ledebour (Georg), 57 Lefort (Claude), 375 Legien (Carl), 64, 88, 147 Lenin (Vladimir Ilitch), 3, 4, 11, 13, 16, 18, 35-37, 52, 62-65, 68, 71, 73, 78, 80, 84-85, 87, 93, 97-99, 105- 109, 114, 116-119, 121-124, 129-131, 136-140, 146, 396
151, 155-159, 161-167, 169-170, 173-175, 181, 184- 185, 191-192, 197, 201, 205-206, 220, 224, 254-255, 257, 272-279, 282, 284-287, 297, 305, 316, 322, 333- 334, 336, 339, 342-343, 348-349, 353, 356, 374, 382, 385, 388-389, 391, 396, 400-401, 404, 413-415, 423, 426, 428, 432, 438-439, 441, 448 Leonhard (Rudolf), 407 Lerroux (Alejandro), 284 Leuven (Willem van), 124, 140, 171 Levi (Paul), 6, 147, 149-152, 155-156, 160, 165-166, 170-171, 183-186, 198, 200, 203, 210, 375, 393-394, 403, 414, 436, 438, 440, 448 Levi-Prudhommeaux (Jenny), 5 Levitin (Samuel), 62, 73 Liebman (Marcel), 60 Liebknecht (Karl), 30, 117, 120, 125, 135, 141, 161, 165, 169, 224, 301, 436, 442 Ligt (Bart de), 136, 169 Ligue des <strong>Communist</strong>es Internationalistes (LCI), 319, 320, 424, 448 Lincke (Ernst) [alias Lange, Kurt], 230, 280 Linden (Cort van der), 112 Linden (Marcel van der), 297, 374, 420, 431 Lisser (Alexander), 141 Lopes-Cardozo (Lo), 210, 241, 244, 248 Lubbe (Marinus van der), 237, 240-243, 247-249, 294, 412, 435 Lukács (György), 83, 107, 169, 278, 286 Lumpi (Joseph), 409 Lunacharsky (Anatoli), 272-273, 277, 285 Luteraan (Barend) [ps.: Baanbreker ('Pathfinder')], 59, 72, 122, 126-127, 129, 132, 134-135, 138-139, 141, 152, 186-187, 199, 210, 304, 369, 378, 382, 390, 401, 411-412, 428 Luxemburg (Rosa), 10, 16, 34, 36, 42, 45, 48, 60, 62-64, 67, 68-69, 70, 72, 74, 77-79, 83-90, 92, 94-95, 97-98, 100, 105, 108, 115, 117, 120, 123, 135-136, 145, 154, 159, 190, 210, 224, 256, 282, 287, 290, 336, 338, 348, 356, 362, 385, 390, 396, 404, 413, 414, 439 Löwy (Michael), 100 Maassen (<strong>The</strong>o), 210, 219, 350, 366, 369, 370-373, 382, 424 Macdonald (Dwight), Mach (Ernst), 76, 272-275, 285, 286 Mack (Albert), 206 Maffi (Bruno), 223 Maitron (Jean), 312-313, 375, 422, 433 Maximov (Nikola), Malandrino (Corrado), 60, 65, 99, 125, 261, 381, 400 Malatesta (Errico), 131 Mandel (Ernest), 384 Mannoury (Gerrit), 53, 72, 150, 171, 393 Manuel (Richard), 171-172, 218 Mao Zedong, 328-329 Martov [Tsederbaum (Yulii Osipovitch), known as], 93 Marx (Karl), 10, 14, 27, 28, 35-36, 46, 48, 66, 70-71, 76- 80, 82, 84-85, 95, 97, 99-100, 105-108, 140, 166, 224, 262, 268-271, 273-274, 277-279, 283-286, 290, 333- 334, 341-343, 348, 356, 365, 370, 389, 394, 400, 413, 417-419, 428, 430, 448 Maslow (Arkadij) [Tchemerinsky (Isaak Efimovitch), known as], 228, 319, 322 Mattern (Lydia), 206 Mattick (Paul) [Paul; P.M.], 17, 207, 216, 217, 220-223, 234-235, 246, 252, 260, 263-265, 280, 282-284, 287, 291, 296-297, 299, 300-301, 304, 306, 310, 318-321, 373, 376, 383-384, 386, 392-394, 402, 409-410, 412, 416-419, 423, 427, 430, 437 Mattick (Paul Junior), 350, 390 Meer, 201 Meer – Maassen (Catho van der), 205 Mehring (Franz), 10, 15, 61-62, 68, 80, 90, 105-106, 108, 123, 286, 404 Mendels (Maurits), 36, 67, 70, 71 Menist (Abraham, or Ab), 333, 338, 339, 345, 346 Mensing (Maria Anna Catharina), 66 Merges (August), 156-157, 174 Mergner (Gottfried), 5, 419-420 Mett (Ida), 197-198 Meulenkamp (Jaap), 372, 382 Meyer (Ludwig) [ps.: Bergmann], 205 Miasnikov (Gavril Ilitch), 198, 318, 319, 322, 392, 432 Michaelis (Arthur), 246 Michels (Robert), 118, 137, 435 Mitchell (ps. of Jehan van den Hoven), 223, 284, 285, 306 MJC, 336, 448 MLL Front, 4, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 343, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 360, 361, 378, 428, 429, 440, 448 Molenaar (Leen), 344, 376 Molinier (Raymond), 342, 343, 347 Monatte (Pierre), 120, 383 Moschev, 209 397
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PHILIPPE BOURRINET The Dutch and Ge
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The Dutch and German Communist Left
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General studies ...................
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INTRODUCTION Despite the theoretica
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In fact, it was not the GIC, but th
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history of the Dutch communist curr
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Chapter 1: Origins and Formation of
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1862-1866, 1871-1872); these conser
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Dutch and German workers’ movemen
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However, this ‘radicalism’ of D
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emained an internationalist. It is
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a formidable weapon against the lef
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form the Tribunist movement: Mendel
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of the organisation. 31 He only dev
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The support given to the various re
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Using the pretext of the struggle a
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the end of 1903. 57 By contrast, a
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Bolsheviks had deputies in the Duma
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imposed to form an organised fracti
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was obliged to include in the pream
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‘right’ 100 - which was based i
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This was the beginning of an increa
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carried out by the SDP - in the for
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The growth of Dutch imperialism cou
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Wijnkoop’s suggestion, the SDP’
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evolution. 125 Right up until the w
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helped to write the pamphlet addres
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section, supported a counter-resolu
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Chapter 2 Pannekoek and ‘Dutch’
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The philosophical bases of radical
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Wrongly presented by its opponents
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is most necessary. Only knowledge g
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ended in defeat - but whatever help
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The Dutch Left never considered the
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ourgeois revolutions, thinks of not
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eligious faith in the success of th
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organisations they had so patiently
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forces... The most backward country
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mass strikes; the proletariat’s s
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‘Great Night’: “[passive radi
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economic, and whose political domin
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letter to Paul Lafargue (20 th June
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Luxemburg in urging a clear rejecti
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explicit criticism of their leaders
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As in most of the belligerent count
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the main goal was the return to pea
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Gorter’s analyses were remarkable
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political factors which led to this
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During 1915, opposition to the war
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inform its readers about the Confer
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It is noteworthy that Roland Holst
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powerful opposition to this policy
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The workers’ reaction was immedia
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concealed the Wijnkoop leadership
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Lenin was quite right to emphasise
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“Don’t you feel, little by litt
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dissolved itself. There only remain
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Chapter 4 THE DUTCH LEFT IN THE KOM
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Spartakusbund not rejected particip
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However, the circular of the Komint
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Kommunist, publication of the Breme
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Russians - like Trotsky 433 - no lo
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The resolution adopted by the confe
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Led by Wolffheim and Laufenberg, th
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Pannekoek’s great clear-sightedne
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Rühle’s anti-party current. But
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All these accusations fail to stand
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not that of a general staff, in whi
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democrats and bourgeois in the war
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The unions also resemble the state
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eal decision-making centre. In this
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communism extends from the Rhine to
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The NEP (New Economic Policy) in th
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and the workers, who had all been a
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However, all the left communists, G
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was more disastrous for the VKPD th
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At its 3 rd Congress, the Komintern
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when he was in fact in Spain at the
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workers, and that every three month
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committee is also of the opinion th
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large towns passed from capitalism
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KAI would be “infinitely difficul
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private property”. They constitut
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side, of two KAPDs, with two papers
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intention of working for the reunif
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‘old enemy’ Paul Levi. 650 Deth
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district in Amsterdam, condemning a
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THE GROUP OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIS
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the Dutch theoretical review Radenc
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the CPO decided to dissolve in orde
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political sleep by the crisis of th
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economic, rather than the political
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the nationalist, even anti-Semitic
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parliamentary stipend financed the
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shreds”. 706 But significantly, t
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KAPD. The GIC, followed by Pannekoe
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It was a party which dared not spea
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a big impact in the unemployed move
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anarchist group like the BAS was ch
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The other factor in the defeat of t
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would ‘awaken’ the German prole
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Spartacus, organ of the LAO, while
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Chapter 7 TOWARDS A NEW WORKERS’
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The evolution of the Dutch GIC towa
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the world, especially since 1968. 7
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Secondly, by trying at all costs to
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In a contradictory way, the GIC rep
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The ‘new workers’ movement’ a
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The function and functioning of the
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een eclipsed and replaced by a “d
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and developed since the birth of th
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GIC recognised the fundamental role
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This view has a certain resemblance
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“At the beginning of the period o
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Bogdanov, the social process was re
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to construct a coherent and ordered
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“As soon as the proletarian class
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the danger of state capitalism. The
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inseparable from the anti-organisat
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growing uncertainty of existence is
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indivisible unity operating like th
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“freedoms” and the introduction
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Steuermann 972 , Rühle showed that
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Russian capitalism. It was only con
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The unemployed workers of Amsterdam
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Unlike the Paul Mattick group in th
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The contribution by this group, whi
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Chapter 9 THE DUTCH INTERNATIONALIS
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workers’ councils”, the KAPN’
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impoverished peasants and, on the o
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The first ‘minority’ was formed
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iting, since the Dutch RSAP and the
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seems to have come from an ex-membe
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esult which appeared positive to th
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Chapter 10 FROM THE “MARX - LENIN
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to the previous history of Germany
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posterity a political, as much as a
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Council communist theory had a revo
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organisations together, including t
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This ‘broad’ policy towards oth
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The MLL Front played a considerable
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workers had been liquidated. A tota
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Chapter 11 The Communistenbond Spar
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political past, marked less by synd
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process, and “the [capitalist] sy
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organisation, once theoretical and
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organisation: “The Bond is a temp
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The implicit rejection of the Russi
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the ‘right’ to speak in the Ber
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slavenmaatschappij tot arbeidersmac
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In 1945-46, the Bond examined sever
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Luxemburg’s conception, it was fo
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draws in ever greater masses. [...]
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The onset of the Cold War left the
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- General rejection of all groups t
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disappeared in 1948. Canne-Meijer w
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Bond arrived at the idea that the R
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After World War II council communis
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joined the left wing of the SPD or
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Like SB, it paraded a strong anti-b
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If ‘councilism’ as an organised
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The history of the Dutch and German
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organisational discipline, both exp
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looked to changes in the sociologic
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The criticisms put forward by Geyer
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BIBLIOGRAPHY A bibliography on the
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Stan POPPE (1899-1991) archives: mi
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Rote Armee (constituted in April 19
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Korrespondenz-Blatt der KAPD, ‚an
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‘Monatsblätter aus der Jugendbew
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Nasha Duma, Sofia, Oct. - Dec. 1919
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THE NETHERLANDS The Dutch communist
Page 346 and 347: Uit eigen kring; intern orgaan (the
Page 348 and 349: (These latter two texts have been t
Page 350 and 351: There is a good choice of texts, tr
Page 352 and 353: Zur Psychologie des proletarisches
Page 354 and 355: Marxism: last refuge of the bourgeo
Page 356 and 357: (These texts are in Authier-Barrot,
Page 358 and 359: Der Kampf um die Macht in der Gegen
Page 360 and 361: Pamphlets by the Bulgarian left com
Page 362 and 363: REICHENBACH (Bernard), ‘Moscow 19
Page 364 and 365: ‚Über Karl Korsch’, in Jahrbuc
Page 366 and 367: ROEGHOLT (Richter), Ben Sijes. Een
Page 368 and 369: JANEV (Nikola), Balgarskata komunis
Page 370 and 371: The ‘intellectual current’: lit
Page 372 and 373: MALANDRINO (Corrado), ‘Anton Pann
Page 374 and 375: BERENDSEN (Hans), & WEEDA (Rik), Ui
Page 376 and 377: HARMSEN (Ger), Historisch overzicht
Page 378 and 379: NGO VAN, Vietnam 1920-1945, révolu
Page 380 and 381: WINCKLER (Heinrich August), Arbeite
Page 382 and 383: Protokolle der Vereinigungs-Konfere
Page 384 and 385: Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli,
Page 386 and 387: CWI: Communist Workers’ Internati
Page 388 and 389: NSV: Nederlandsch Syndikalistisch V
Page 390 and 391: VOC: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compa
Page 392 and 393: Blackwell (Russell) [alias: Negrete
Page 394 and 395: Fischer (Ruth) [Eisler (Elfriede),
Page 398 and 399: Most (Johann), 29 Mühsam (Erich),
Page 400 and 401: Rühle (Otto), 13, 17, 21, 62, 120,
Page 402 and 403: Vonk (group De), 324, 329, 337, 351
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