The German-Dutch Communist Left - Libcom

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NSV: Nederlandsch Syndikalistisch Vakverbond (Dutch Syndicalist Confederation, a split from the NAS, 1923- 1940) NVSTP: Nederlandse Vereeniging van Spoor- en Tramwegpersoneel (Dutch confederation of rail and tramway personnel) NVV: Nederlandsch Verbond van Vakvereenigingen (Dutch Trade Union Confederation – social democratic) OSP: Onafhankelijke Socialistische Partij (Independent Socialist party of Holland, 1932-35) OVB: Onafhankelijk Verbond van Bedrijfsorganisaties (Independent Confederation of Factory Organisations) PCF: Parti communiste français (French Communist Party) PNI: Partai Nasional Indonesia (National Party of Indonesia) PCd’I: Partito Comunista d’Italia (Communist Party of Italy) PCInt: Partito Comunista Internazionalista (Internationalist Communist Party – Italy; Battaglia Comunista tendency) PCInt: Partito Comunista Internazionale (Internationalist Communist Party – Italy; Programma Comunista tendency) PIC: International Persmateriaal van of Groep van Internationalen Communisten PIK: Pressedienst der Internationalen Kommunisten-Holland (GIC’s review in German) PKI: Perserikatan Komunis di India (birth’s name in 1920); after 1924, Partai Komunis Indonesia (Communist Party of Indonesia) PO: Pouvoir ouvrier (France) POB : Parti Ouvrier Belge (Belgian Workers Party) POUM: Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista (Worker’s Party of Marxist Unity – Spain) PPR: Politieke Partij Radicalen: Radical politic party (1968-) PSI: Partito Socialista Italiano (Italian Socialist Party) PSOE: Partido Obrero Socialista Español PSOP: Parti Socialiste Ouvrier et Paysan (Workers’ and Peasants’ Socialist Party – ‘Pivertist’) PSP: Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij (Pacifist Socialist Party, Netherlands; 1957-1991) PvdA: Partij van de Arbeid (Dutch Labour Party after 1946) RAC: Revolutionair Arbeiders-Comité (BKSP split organisation, 1925) RCP: Revolutionaire Communistische Partij (Revolutionary Communist Party – trotskyist (1945-53) RFB: Roter Frontkämpferbund (KPD militia) RGASPI: Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskoi istorii (ex-Komintern archives) RGI: Rote Gewerkschaftsinternationale (or Profintern) RGO: Rote Gewerkschafts-Opposition (KPD opposition within trade unions, Germany) RILU: Red International of Labour Unions (or Profintern) RK: Räte-Korrenspondenz (GIK) RK: Rote Kämpfer (Red Fighters) RKD: Revolutionäre Kommunisten Deutschlands RKP: Rabotnitcheskii Kommunistitcheskii Partij (KAP, Russia) RKSP: Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij (Catholic party) 388
RSA: Revolutionair-Socialistische Arbeidersbeweging (Revolutionary Socialist Workers’ Movement, 1942) RSAP: Revolutionaire Socialistische Arbeiders Partij (Revolutionary Socialist Workers’ Party, 1935-40) RSC: Revolutionaire Socialistisch Comité tegen de Oorlog en zijn Gevolgen (Revolutionary Socialist Committee against War and its consequence), formed in 1916 RSDLP: Russian Social Democratic Labour Party RSP: Revolutionaire Socialistische Partij (Revolutionary Socialist Party); CPH split, 1929-35 RSV: Religieus Socialistisch Verbond (Religious Socialist League) RWL: Revolutionary Workers’ League – USA (Oehlers’ Group) SAA: Sociaal-Anarchistische Actie (Social Anarchist Action), 1917-18 SAG: Sozialistische Arbeitsgemeinschaft (Socialist Labour Association; pacifist wing of the SPD, formed in 1916, and led by Hugo Haase, Karl Kautsky, Eduard Bernstein; in April 1917 became the USPD.) SAP: Sozialistische Arbeiter-Partei (Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany – ‘left socialists’) SAPMO-BArch: Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv Berlin SAT: Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (World esperantist association; 1921) SAV: Samenwerkende Arbeiders-Vereenigingen (Workers’ Co-operative Union) SAWC: Southern Advocate for Workers’ Councils (Melbourne) SDAP: Sociaal Democratische Arbeiders Partij (Social Democratic Workers’ Party – Troelstra’ party; 1894- 1946) SB: Socialisten Bond (League of Socialists) SB: Socialisme ou Barbarie (France) SDB: Sociaal-Democratische Bond (Social Democratic League) SDKPiL: Socialdemocracija Krolestwa Polskiego i Litwy (Social democracy, Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania) SDC: Sociaal-Democratisch Centrum (1946-59) (‘left fraction’ in the PvdA) SDP: Sociaal-Democratische Partij: (Social Democratic Party – Tribunist) SED: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (State-Party of East Germany) SFIO: Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (French socialist Party) SLP: Socialist Labor Party (deleonist; USA) SP: Socialistische Partij (Socialist Party – a split from the SDAP, 1918-24) SPGB: Socialist Party of Great Britain SWV: Sozialwissenchaftliche Vereinigung (forerunner of the Rote Kämpfer) TBN: Troelstra Beweging Nederland (a split from the SDAP, 1938-1940) UAP: Unabhängige Arbeiterpartei’ (Independent Workers’ Party; German trotskyist and ‘titist’ group in the 50s). UGT: Unión General de Trabajadores (General Workers’ Union – the Spanish Socialist trade union) USPD: Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, 1917-21) VCN: Verbond van Communisten Nederland (splitting group from the CPN, 1985-91) VCP: Verenigde communistische partij (United Communist Party, Holland, 1999) 389
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PHILIPPE BOURRINET The Dutch and Ge
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The Dutch and German Communist Left
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General studies ...................
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INTRODUCTION Despite the theoretica
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In fact, it was not the GIC, but th
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history of the Dutch communist curr
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Chapter 1: Origins and Formation of
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1862-1866, 1871-1872); these conser
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Dutch and German workers’ movemen
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However, this ‘radicalism’ of D
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emained an internationalist. It is
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a formidable weapon against the lef
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form the Tribunist movement: Mendel
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of the organisation. 31 He only dev
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The support given to the various re
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Using the pretext of the struggle a
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the end of 1903. 57 By contrast, a
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Bolsheviks had deputies in the Duma
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imposed to form an organised fracti
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was obliged to include in the pream
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‘right’ 100 - which was based i
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This was the beginning of an increa
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carried out by the SDP - in the for
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The growth of Dutch imperialism cou
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Wijnkoop’s suggestion, the SDP’
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evolution. 125 Right up until the w
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helped to write the pamphlet addres
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section, supported a counter-resolu
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Chapter 2 Pannekoek and ‘Dutch’
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The philosophical bases of radical
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Wrongly presented by its opponents
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is most necessary. Only knowledge g
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ended in defeat - but whatever help
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The Dutch Left never considered the
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ourgeois revolutions, thinks of not
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eligious faith in the success of th
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organisations they had so patiently
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forces... The most backward country
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mass strikes; the proletariat’s s
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‘Great Night’: “[passive radi
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economic, and whose political domin
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letter to Paul Lafargue (20 th June
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Luxemburg in urging a clear rejecti
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explicit criticism of their leaders
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As in most of the belligerent count
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the main goal was the return to pea
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Gorter’s analyses were remarkable
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political factors which led to this
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During 1915, opposition to the war
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inform its readers about the Confer
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It is noteworthy that Roland Holst
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powerful opposition to this policy
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The workers’ reaction was immedia
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concealed the Wijnkoop leadership
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Lenin was quite right to emphasise
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“Don’t you feel, little by litt
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dissolved itself. There only remain
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Chapter 4 THE DUTCH LEFT IN THE KOM
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Spartakusbund not rejected particip
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However, the circular of the Komint
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Kommunist, publication of the Breme
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Russians - like Trotsky 433 - no lo
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The resolution adopted by the confe
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Led by Wolffheim and Laufenberg, th
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Pannekoek’s great clear-sightedne
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Rühle’s anti-party current. But
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All these accusations fail to stand
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not that of a general staff, in whi
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democrats and bourgeois in the war
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The unions also resemble the state
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eal decision-making centre. In this
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communism extends from the Rhine to
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The NEP (New Economic Policy) in th
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and the workers, who had all been a
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However, all the left communists, G
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was more disastrous for the VKPD th
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At its 3 rd Congress, the Komintern
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when he was in fact in Spain at the
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workers, and that every three month
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committee is also of the opinion th
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large towns passed from capitalism
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KAI would be “infinitely difficul
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private property”. They constitut
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side, of two KAPDs, with two papers
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intention of working for the reunif
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‘old enemy’ Paul Levi. 650 Deth
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district in Amsterdam, condemning a
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THE GROUP OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIS
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the Dutch theoretical review Radenc
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the CPO decided to dissolve in orde
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political sleep by the crisis of th
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economic, rather than the political
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the nationalist, even anti-Semitic
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parliamentary stipend financed the
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shreds”. 706 But significantly, t
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KAPD. The GIC, followed by Pannekoe
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It was a party which dared not spea
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a big impact in the unemployed move
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anarchist group like the BAS was ch
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The other factor in the defeat of t
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would ‘awaken’ the German prole
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Spartacus, organ of the LAO, while
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Chapter 7 TOWARDS A NEW WORKERS’
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The evolution of the Dutch GIC towa
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the world, especially since 1968. 7
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Secondly, by trying at all costs to
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In a contradictory way, the GIC rep
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The ‘new workers’ movement’ a
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The function and functioning of the
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een eclipsed and replaced by a “d
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and developed since the birth of th
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GIC recognised the fundamental role
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This view has a certain resemblance
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“At the beginning of the period o
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Bogdanov, the social process was re
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to construct a coherent and ordered
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“As soon as the proletarian class
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the danger of state capitalism. The
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inseparable from the anti-organisat
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growing uncertainty of existence is
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indivisible unity operating like th
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“freedoms” and the introduction
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Steuermann 972 , Rühle showed that
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Russian capitalism. It was only con
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The unemployed workers of Amsterdam
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Unlike the Paul Mattick group in th
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The contribution by this group, whi
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Chapter 9 THE DUTCH INTERNATIONALIS
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workers’ councils”, the KAPN’
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impoverished peasants and, on the o
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The first ‘minority’ was formed
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iting, since the Dutch RSAP and the
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seems to have come from an ex-membe
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esult which appeared positive to th
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Chapter 10 FROM THE “MARX - LENIN
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to the previous history of Germany
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posterity a political, as much as a
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Council communist theory had a revo
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organisations together, including t
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This ‘broad’ policy towards oth
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The MLL Front played a considerable
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workers had been liquidated. A tota
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Chapter 11 The Communistenbond Spar
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political past, marked less by synd
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process, and “the [capitalist] sy
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organisation, once theoretical and
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organisation: “The Bond is a temp
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The implicit rejection of the Russi
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the ‘right’ to speak in the Ber
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slavenmaatschappij tot arbeidersmac
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In 1945-46, the Bond examined sever
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Luxemburg’s conception, it was fo
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draws in ever greater masses. [...]
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The onset of the Cold War left the
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- General rejection of all groups t
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disappeared in 1948. Canne-Meijer w
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Bond arrived at the idea that the R
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After World War II council communis
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joined the left wing of the SPD or
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Like SB, it paraded a strong anti-b
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If ‘councilism’ as an organised
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The history of the Dutch and German
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organisational discipline, both exp
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looked to changes in the sociologic
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The criticisms put forward by Geyer
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BIBLIOGRAPHY A bibliography on the
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Stan POPPE (1899-1991) archives: mi
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Rote Armee (constituted in April 19
Page 338 and 339: Korrespondenz-Blatt der KAPD, ‚an
Page 340 and 341: ‘Monatsblätter aus der Jugendbew
Page 342 and 343: Nasha Duma, Sofia, Oct. - Dec. 1919
Page 344 and 345: THE NETHERLANDS The Dutch communist
Page 346 and 347: Uit eigen kring; intern orgaan (the
Page 348 and 349: (These latter two texts have been t
Page 350 and 351: There is a good choice of texts, tr
Page 352 and 353: Zur Psychologie des proletarisches
Page 354 and 355: Marxism: last refuge of the bourgeo
Page 356 and 357: (These texts are in Authier-Barrot,
Page 358 and 359: Der Kampf um die Macht in der Gegen
Page 360 and 361: Pamphlets by the Bulgarian left com
Page 362 and 363: REICHENBACH (Bernard), ‘Moscow 19
Page 364 and 365: ‚Über Karl Korsch’, in Jahrbuc
Page 366 and 367: ROEGHOLT (Richter), Ben Sijes. Een
Page 368 and 369: JANEV (Nikola), Balgarskata komunis
Page 370 and 371: The ‘intellectual current’: lit
Page 372 and 373: MALANDRINO (Corrado), ‘Anton Pann
Page 374 and 375: BERENDSEN (Hans), & WEEDA (Rik), Ui
Page 376 and 377: HARMSEN (Ger), Historisch overzicht
Page 378 and 379: NGO VAN, Vietnam 1920-1945, révolu
Page 380 and 381: WINCKLER (Heinrich August), Arbeite
Page 382 and 383: Protokolle der Vereinigungs-Konfere
Page 384 and 385: Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli,
Page 386 and 387: CWI: Communist Workers’ Internati
Page 390 and 391: VOC: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compa
Page 392 and 393: Blackwell (Russell) [alias: Negrete
Page 394 and 395: Fischer (Ruth) [Eisler (Elfriede),
Page 396 and 397: KAPN, 17, 138, 172, 187, 199, 204-2
Page 398 and 399: Most (Johann), 29 Mühsam (Erich),
Page 400 and 401: Rühle (Otto), 13, 17, 21, 62, 120,
Page 402 and 403: Vonk (group De), 324, 329, 337, 351
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