The German-Dutch Communist Left - Libcom

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Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Via Romagnosi, 3; 20121 Milano (Italy). Tel.: 39-2-8693911, Fax: 39-2- 86461855. Contact: Francesca Gori: fondfelt@mclink.it Schweizerisches Sozialarchiv: Stadelhoferstrasse 12, 8001 Zürich (Switzerland). Tel.: 41-1-2517644. Fax: 41-1- 2517608. Contact: Urs Kälin, kaelin@sozarch.unizh.ch Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace Stanford University Stanford, Ca 94305-6010 (USA). Tel.: 1- 415-7230603, Fax: 1-415-7231687. Contact: Helen Solanum: solanum@hoover.stanford.edu Archiv und Bibliothek zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung im Verbund Archiv-Bibliothek-Technische Werkstätten beim Parteivorstand der PDS (ehemaliges Zentrales Parteiarchiv im Institut für Marxismus- Leninismus (IML) beim Zentralkomitee der SED, Berlin); Wilhelm-Pieck-Str. 1; 10119 Berlin (Germany); Tel.: (030) 282 85 34; Fax: (030) 281 41 86. SAPMO-Barch [Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv Berlin]: Bundesarchiv, Postfach 450 569, 12175 Berlin, Finckensteinallee 63, 12205 Berlin. Fondazione Istituto Gramsci, via Portuense, 95 C – 00153 Roma (Italy). Tel.: +39 6 5806646; Fax : +39 6 5897167. Contact: info@gramsci.it 384
ACRONYMS AAB: Algemeene Arbeiders Bond (General Workers’ Union ; Netherlands, 1922-23) AAUD: Allgemeine Arbeiter-Union Deutschlands (General Workers’ Union of Germany) AAUD-E: Allgemeine Arbeiter-Union Deutschlands – Einheitsorganisation (General Workers’ Union of Germany – Unitary Organisation) ABA: Arbejder-bevaegelsens Bibliotek og Arkiv (Library and Archives of the Workers’ Movement, Copenhagen) ACP: Antiparliamentary Communist Federation (Great Britain) ADGB: Allgemeine Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund (German Social Democratic union) AGWA: Archiv für die Geschichte des Widerstandes und der Arbeit, review for social history, Bochum ANDB: Algemeene Nederlandsche Diamantbewerkersbond (Diamond workers’ union association) ARP: Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (Anti-Revolutionary Party, Dutch Calvinist party) BAS: Bond van Anarcho-Socialisten (League of Anarcho-Socialists) BCP: Bulgarian Communist Party BvCS: Bond van Christen-Socialisten (League of Christian Socialists; 1907-1921) BKP: Balgarskii Komunisticheskii Partii (CP, Bulgaria) BKSP: Bond van Kommunistische Strijd- en Propagandaclubs (CPH split, 1924-27) BRKP: Balgarskii Rabotnitcheskii Komunistitcheskii Partii (KAP, Bulgaria) BRAC: Bond van Religieuse Anarcho-Communisten (Dutch Christian Anarchists) BRS: Bond van Revolutionaire Socialisten (League of Revolutionary Socialists; 1935-40) BSP: British Socialist Party BWN: Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland BWSA: Biografisch woordenboek van het socialisme en de arbeidersbeweging in Nederland BWSDP: Bulgarian Workers' Socialist-Democratic Party CCI: Comité communiste internationaliste (French trotskyist group, World War II) CCP: Chinese Communist Party CI: Communist International CIRA: Centre international de recherches sur l’anarchisme, Lausanne CNT (Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (National Labour Confederation – Spain) CPH: Communistische Partij Holland (The Communist Party of Holland; became CPN in December 1935) CPH-CC: Communistische Partij Holland-Centraal Comité (1926–June 30): Wijnkoop’s split party CPGB: Communist Party of Great Britain CPN: Communistische Partij Nederland (Dutch Communist Party) CPO: Communistische Partij Oppositie (Communist Party-Opposition) CR: Communistes-Révolutionnaires (France, 1943-46) CRM: Comité van Revolutionaire Marxisten (Committee of Revolutionary Marxists; 1942-45) 385
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PHILIPPE BOURRINET The Dutch and Ge
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The Dutch and German Communist Left
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General studies ...................
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INTRODUCTION Despite the theoretica
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In fact, it was not the GIC, but th
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history of the Dutch communist curr
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Chapter 1: Origins and Formation of
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1862-1866, 1871-1872); these conser
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Dutch and German workers’ movemen
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However, this ‘radicalism’ of D
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emained an internationalist. It is
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a formidable weapon against the lef
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form the Tribunist movement: Mendel
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of the organisation. 31 He only dev
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The support given to the various re
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Using the pretext of the struggle a
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the end of 1903. 57 By contrast, a
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Bolsheviks had deputies in the Duma
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imposed to form an organised fracti
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was obliged to include in the pream
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‘right’ 100 - which was based i
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This was the beginning of an increa
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carried out by the SDP - in the for
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The growth of Dutch imperialism cou
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Wijnkoop’s suggestion, the SDP’
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evolution. 125 Right up until the w
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helped to write the pamphlet addres
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section, supported a counter-resolu
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Chapter 2 Pannekoek and ‘Dutch’
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The philosophical bases of radical
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Wrongly presented by its opponents
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is most necessary. Only knowledge g
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ended in defeat - but whatever help
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The Dutch Left never considered the
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ourgeois revolutions, thinks of not
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eligious faith in the success of th
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organisations they had so patiently
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forces... The most backward country
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mass strikes; the proletariat’s s
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‘Great Night’: “[passive radi
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economic, and whose political domin
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letter to Paul Lafargue (20 th June
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Luxemburg in urging a clear rejecti
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explicit criticism of their leaders
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As in most of the belligerent count
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the main goal was the return to pea
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Gorter’s analyses were remarkable
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political factors which led to this
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During 1915, opposition to the war
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inform its readers about the Confer
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It is noteworthy that Roland Holst
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powerful opposition to this policy
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The workers’ reaction was immedia
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concealed the Wijnkoop leadership
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Lenin was quite right to emphasise
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“Don’t you feel, little by litt
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dissolved itself. There only remain
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Chapter 4 THE DUTCH LEFT IN THE KOM
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Spartakusbund not rejected particip
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However, the circular of the Komint
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Kommunist, publication of the Breme
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Russians - like Trotsky 433 - no lo
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The resolution adopted by the confe
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Led by Wolffheim and Laufenberg, th
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Pannekoek’s great clear-sightedne
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Rühle’s anti-party current. But
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All these accusations fail to stand
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not that of a general staff, in whi
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democrats and bourgeois in the war
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The unions also resemble the state
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eal decision-making centre. In this
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communism extends from the Rhine to
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The NEP (New Economic Policy) in th
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and the workers, who had all been a
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However, all the left communists, G
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was more disastrous for the VKPD th
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At its 3 rd Congress, the Komintern
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when he was in fact in Spain at the
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workers, and that every three month
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committee is also of the opinion th
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large towns passed from capitalism
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KAI would be “infinitely difficul
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private property”. They constitut
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side, of two KAPDs, with two papers
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intention of working for the reunif
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‘old enemy’ Paul Levi. 650 Deth
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district in Amsterdam, condemning a
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THE GROUP OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIS
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the Dutch theoretical review Radenc
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the CPO decided to dissolve in orde
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political sleep by the crisis of th
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economic, rather than the political
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the nationalist, even anti-Semitic
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parliamentary stipend financed the
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shreds”. 706 But significantly, t
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KAPD. The GIC, followed by Pannekoe
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It was a party which dared not spea
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a big impact in the unemployed move
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anarchist group like the BAS was ch
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The other factor in the defeat of t
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would ‘awaken’ the German prole
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Spartacus, organ of the LAO, while
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Chapter 7 TOWARDS A NEW WORKERS’
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The evolution of the Dutch GIC towa
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the world, especially since 1968. 7
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Secondly, by trying at all costs to
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In a contradictory way, the GIC rep
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The ‘new workers’ movement’ a
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The function and functioning of the
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een eclipsed and replaced by a “d
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and developed since the birth of th
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GIC recognised the fundamental role
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This view has a certain resemblance
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“At the beginning of the period o
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Bogdanov, the social process was re
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to construct a coherent and ordered
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“As soon as the proletarian class
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the danger of state capitalism. The
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inseparable from the anti-organisat
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growing uncertainty of existence is
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indivisible unity operating like th
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“freedoms” and the introduction
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Steuermann 972 , Rühle showed that
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Russian capitalism. It was only con
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The unemployed workers of Amsterdam
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Unlike the Paul Mattick group in th
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The contribution by this group, whi
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Chapter 9 THE DUTCH INTERNATIONALIS
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workers’ councils”, the KAPN’
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impoverished peasants and, on the o
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The first ‘minority’ was formed
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iting, since the Dutch RSAP and the
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seems to have come from an ex-membe
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esult which appeared positive to th
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Chapter 10 FROM THE “MARX - LENIN
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to the previous history of Germany
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posterity a political, as much as a
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Council communist theory had a revo
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organisations together, including t
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This ‘broad’ policy towards oth
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The MLL Front played a considerable
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workers had been liquidated. A tota
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Chapter 11 The Communistenbond Spar
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political past, marked less by synd
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process, and “the [capitalist] sy
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organisation, once theoretical and
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organisation: “The Bond is a temp
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The implicit rejection of the Russi
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the ‘right’ to speak in the Ber
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slavenmaatschappij tot arbeidersmac
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In 1945-46, the Bond examined sever
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Luxemburg’s conception, it was fo
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draws in ever greater masses. [...]
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The onset of the Cold War left the
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- General rejection of all groups t
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disappeared in 1948. Canne-Meijer w
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Bond arrived at the idea that the R
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After World War II council communis
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joined the left wing of the SPD or
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Like SB, it paraded a strong anti-b
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If ‘councilism’ as an organised
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The history of the Dutch and German
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organisational discipline, both exp
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looked to changes in the sociologic
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The criticisms put forward by Geyer
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BIBLIOGRAPHY A bibliography on the
Page 334 and 335: Stan POPPE (1899-1991) archives: mi
Page 336 and 337: Rote Armee (constituted in April 19
Page 338 and 339: Korrespondenz-Blatt der KAPD, ‚an
Page 340 and 341: ‘Monatsblätter aus der Jugendbew
Page 342 and 343: Nasha Duma, Sofia, Oct. - Dec. 1919
Page 344 and 345: THE NETHERLANDS The Dutch communist
Page 346 and 347: Uit eigen kring; intern orgaan (the
Page 348 and 349: (These latter two texts have been t
Page 350 and 351: There is a good choice of texts, tr
Page 352 and 353: Zur Psychologie des proletarisches
Page 354 and 355: Marxism: last refuge of the bourgeo
Page 356 and 357: (These texts are in Authier-Barrot,
Page 358 and 359: Der Kampf um die Macht in der Gegen
Page 360 and 361: Pamphlets by the Bulgarian left com
Page 362 and 363: REICHENBACH (Bernard), ‘Moscow 19
Page 364 and 365: ‚Über Karl Korsch’, in Jahrbuc
Page 366 and 367: ROEGHOLT (Richter), Ben Sijes. Een
Page 368 and 369: JANEV (Nikola), Balgarskata komunis
Page 370 and 371: The ‘intellectual current’: lit
Page 372 and 373: MALANDRINO (Corrado), ‘Anton Pann
Page 374 and 375: BERENDSEN (Hans), & WEEDA (Rik), Ui
Page 376 and 377: HARMSEN (Ger), Historisch overzicht
Page 378 and 379: NGO VAN, Vietnam 1920-1945, révolu
Page 380 and 381: WINCKLER (Heinrich August), Arbeite
Page 382 and 383: Protokolle der Vereinigungs-Konfere
Page 386 and 387: CWI: Communist Workers’ Internati
Page 388 and 389: NSV: Nederlandsch Syndikalistisch V
Page 390 and 391: VOC: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compa
Page 392 and 393: Blackwell (Russell) [alias: Negrete
Page 394 and 395: Fischer (Ruth) [Eisler (Elfriede),
Page 396 and 397: KAPN, 17, 138, 172, 187, 199, 204-2
Page 398 and 399: Most (Johann), 29 Mühsam (Erich),
Page 400 and 401: Rühle (Otto), 13, 17, 21, 62, 120,
Page 402 and 403: Vonk (group De), 324, 329, 337, 351
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