The German-Dutch Communist Left - Libcom

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Stan POPPE (1899-1991) archives: militant of the SDAP, SDP, OSP, RSAP, MLL-front, founder of Communistenbond Spartacus of which he remained principal member until its disappearance; he died in 1991; his archives have been catalogued. See: Henk Hondius, Plaatsingslijst van het Archief van Stan Poppe Sr. 1934- 1988, IISG, no date. B.A. SIJES (1908-1981) archives: Ben Sijes died in 1981; archives’ classification done; see: Anneke Welcker, Jack Hofman, Voorlopige lijst van de collectie Benjamin A. Sijes (1908-1981), IISG, no date. (We should mention separately Wijnkoop’s archives and that of the Dutch CP, which were formerly available at the old ‘Marxist-Leninist Institute’ in Moscow (today: RGASPI) The Amsterdam IPSO, the Institute of CP history in the Netherlands, was provided with 20 microfilms which therefore can be consulted in this city.) Apart from these archives, we should mention one extremely important archive for the German-Dutch left: that of CAJO BRENDEL (1915-2007), which have been handed over to the Amsterdam IISG after his death. German and international council communism: Karl KORSCH archives: these contain manuscripts, which were published in Germany and Italy. Korsch left part of his correspondence and some documents at the IISG in Amsterdam. See: Götz LANGKAU, Inventar Nachlass Karl Korsch 1911-1962, Amsterdam: IISG, 1975. The Sammlung Karl KORSCH contains material written by the Rote Kämpfer Group. Paul MATTICK archives, 1921-1981. For the inventory (manuscripts, correspondences) see: Götz Langkau, List of the Papers of Paul Mattick, 1921-1981, Amsterdam: IISG, 1997. An important correspondence with Henryk Grossmann before 1939; with Adam Scharrer (1931-32), Karl Korsch; after the second war with Alfred Weiland, Walter Auerbach, Maximilien Rubel, Serge Bricianer, etc. Otto RÜHLE archives: relates to the period 1933-1943. In particular correspondence with Erich Fromm, Paul Mattick, Trotsky, Jacoby. See: Klaus Ravenberg, Liste des Archives Otto Rühle (1874-1943) 1933-1943 (1944), IISG, no date. PANKHURST archives: these archives of the Pankhurst family also include Sylvia’s; she was a founding member of the Workers’ Dreadnought group and of the English section of the KAI. One part is open to the public, and includes documents on the relationship between left communism and Bolshevik Russia. See: M. Wilhelmina H. Schreuder and Margreet Schrevel, Inventory of the E. Sylvia Pankhurst Papers 1863-1960, Working paper, Amsterdam: IISG, 1989. Otto REIMERS (1902-1984) archives: member of AAU and the AAU-E, member of the group of the Saxon tendency left important archives on this last movement (1922-1933). Friend of André Prudhommeaux he belonged after the war to the Commission for the anarchist international relations (CRIA) and to the German FAU in the 1970s. Publisher of Neues Beginnen (1969-71), and then Zeitgeist (1971-78), Hamburg; anarchistpacifist cultural reviews. Franz Peter UTZELMANN archives: this former member of the KAPD and Rote Kämpfer left archives, especially letters. BDIC (Bibliothèque de documentation internationale contemporaine, Nanterre) Maximilien RUBEL (1905-1996) archives: classification in progress. Serge BRICIANER (1922-1997) archives: classification in progress. 334
The Friedrich Ebert Institute in Bonn Karl SCHRÖDER and Henry JACOBY deposits: very few documents and letters, relating to council communism. Paul LEVI archives: sworn enemy of left communism and of the KAPD, Levi’s archives are nonetheless of great importance. Deposited at Friedrich Ebert Institute (and at the ‘Buttinger-Library’ in New York), they may shed light on the relationship between the right and the left of the KPD, before and after the split. Other archives The KAP members do not seem to have kept and handed over important archives to institutes or libraries. Except for the publications (papers, brochures), these remain quite sparse in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, USA, etc. Alfred WEILAND archives: important archives of this German council communist militant at the Freie Universität of West Berlin. He has sold an impressive quantity of documents and books to the University library, on: judaica, freemasonry, KPD, council communism. See: Sylvia Kubina, Die Bibliothek des Berliner Rätekommunisten Alfred Weiland (1906-1978) (Berlin: Freie Universität, 1995). Harald ANDERSEN-HARILD archives: important archives concerning the Dutch, German, Danish and American councils’ movement in the Thirties. Many reviews and booklets of the GIC, the KAPD, the KAU, etc. ABA in Copenhagen. [See: Straede (Therkel), ’Lektor, raadskommunist Harald Andersen-Harild Jr. 1906-1980’, København: Arbejderbevaegelsens Bibliotek og Arkiv, 1982.] German State archives concerning the KAPD and the Union movement. Bundesarchiv Koblenz: AAU (KAP): 1-68/1 fol. 1-216; Organisation ‚Rote Kämpfer’: R 58/448; Linksradikale Organisationen (1924-1929): 403/13369-13793; Generalakten des Justizministeriums:135/214 P; 135/8466 P; 135/8472 P; 135/8476 P; Reichssicherheitshauptamt: R58/530; R58/532: R58/552: R58/607: R58/763. Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv in München: Abteilung II, Geheimes Staatsarchiv München: Polizeiberichte über Bolschewismus, Kommunismus, Spartakusbewegung, 1919 bis 1932: MA 100 412-417; Lageberichte der Polizeidirektionen München und Nürnberg über radikale Bewegungen 1924: MA 101 235; Die Entwicklung der politischen Organisationen und wichtigsten Vereine (police headquarters in Munich, 1925): MA 106 562. Hauptstaatsarchiv Düsseldorf (Zweigarchiv Kalkum): AAU 1921-1922: 15 536; KAPD 1921-1922: 15 681; Kommunistische Arbeiter-Jugend 1921-1922: 15 680; Kommunistische Arbeiter-Jugend 1926-1928: 16 949; 335
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PHILIPPE BOURRINET The Dutch and Ge
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The Dutch and German Communist Left
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General studies ...................
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INTRODUCTION Despite the theoretica
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In fact, it was not the GIC, but th
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history of the Dutch communist curr
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Chapter 1: Origins and Formation of
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1862-1866, 1871-1872); these conser
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Dutch and German workers’ movemen
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However, this ‘radicalism’ of D
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emained an internationalist. It is
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a formidable weapon against the lef
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form the Tribunist movement: Mendel
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of the organisation. 31 He only dev
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The support given to the various re
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Using the pretext of the struggle a
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the end of 1903. 57 By contrast, a
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Bolsheviks had deputies in the Duma
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imposed to form an organised fracti
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was obliged to include in the pream
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‘right’ 100 - which was based i
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This was the beginning of an increa
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carried out by the SDP - in the for
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The growth of Dutch imperialism cou
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Wijnkoop’s suggestion, the SDP’
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evolution. 125 Right up until the w
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helped to write the pamphlet addres
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section, supported a counter-resolu
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Chapter 2 Pannekoek and ‘Dutch’
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The philosophical bases of radical
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Wrongly presented by its opponents
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is most necessary. Only knowledge g
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ended in defeat - but whatever help
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The Dutch Left never considered the
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ourgeois revolutions, thinks of not
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eligious faith in the success of th
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organisations they had so patiently
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forces... The most backward country
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mass strikes; the proletariat’s s
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‘Great Night’: “[passive radi
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economic, and whose political domin
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letter to Paul Lafargue (20 th June
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Luxemburg in urging a clear rejecti
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explicit criticism of their leaders
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As in most of the belligerent count
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the main goal was the return to pea
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Gorter’s analyses were remarkable
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political factors which led to this
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During 1915, opposition to the war
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inform its readers about the Confer
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It is noteworthy that Roland Holst
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powerful opposition to this policy
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The workers’ reaction was immedia
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concealed the Wijnkoop leadership
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Lenin was quite right to emphasise
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“Don’t you feel, little by litt
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dissolved itself. There only remain
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Chapter 4 THE DUTCH LEFT IN THE KOM
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Spartakusbund not rejected particip
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However, the circular of the Komint
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Kommunist, publication of the Breme
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Russians - like Trotsky 433 - no lo
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The resolution adopted by the confe
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Led by Wolffheim and Laufenberg, th
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Pannekoek’s great clear-sightedne
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Rühle’s anti-party current. But
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All these accusations fail to stand
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not that of a general staff, in whi
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democrats and bourgeois in the war
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The unions also resemble the state
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eal decision-making centre. In this
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communism extends from the Rhine to
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The NEP (New Economic Policy) in th
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and the workers, who had all been a
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However, all the left communists, G
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was more disastrous for the VKPD th
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At its 3 rd Congress, the Komintern
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when he was in fact in Spain at the
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workers, and that every three month
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committee is also of the opinion th
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large towns passed from capitalism
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KAI would be “infinitely difficul
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private property”. They constitut
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side, of two KAPDs, with two papers
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intention of working for the reunif
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‘old enemy’ Paul Levi. 650 Deth
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district in Amsterdam, condemning a
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THE GROUP OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIS
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the Dutch theoretical review Radenc
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the CPO decided to dissolve in orde
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political sleep by the crisis of th
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economic, rather than the political
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the nationalist, even anti-Semitic
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parliamentary stipend financed the
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shreds”. 706 But significantly, t
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KAPD. The GIC, followed by Pannekoe
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It was a party which dared not spea
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a big impact in the unemployed move
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anarchist group like the BAS was ch
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The other factor in the defeat of t
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would ‘awaken’ the German prole
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Spartacus, organ of the LAO, while
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Chapter 7 TOWARDS A NEW WORKERS’
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The evolution of the Dutch GIC towa
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the world, especially since 1968. 7
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Secondly, by trying at all costs to
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In a contradictory way, the GIC rep
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The ‘new workers’ movement’ a
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The function and functioning of the
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een eclipsed and replaced by a “d
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and developed since the birth of th
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GIC recognised the fundamental role
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This view has a certain resemblance
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“At the beginning of the period o
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Bogdanov, the social process was re
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to construct a coherent and ordered
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“As soon as the proletarian class
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the danger of state capitalism. The
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inseparable from the anti-organisat
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growing uncertainty of existence is
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indivisible unity operating like th
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“freedoms” and the introduction
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Steuermann 972 , Rühle showed that
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Russian capitalism. It was only con
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The unemployed workers of Amsterdam
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Unlike the Paul Mattick group in th
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The contribution by this group, whi
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Chapter 9 THE DUTCH INTERNATIONALIS
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workers’ councils”, the KAPN’
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impoverished peasants and, on the o
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The first ‘minority’ was formed
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iting, since the Dutch RSAP and the
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seems to have come from an ex-membe
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esult which appeared positive to th
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Chapter 10 FROM THE “MARX - LENIN
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to the previous history of Germany
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posterity a political, as much as a
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Council communist theory had a revo
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organisations together, including t
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This ‘broad’ policy towards oth
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The MLL Front played a considerable
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Page 286 and 287: Chapter 11 The Communistenbond Spar
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Page 292 and 293: organisation, once theoretical and
Page 294 and 295: organisation: “The Bond is a temp
Page 296 and 297: The implicit rejection of the Russi
Page 298 and 299: the ‘right’ to speak in the Ber
Page 300 and 301: slavenmaatschappij tot arbeidersmac
Page 302 and 303: In 1945-46, the Bond examined sever
Page 304 and 305: Luxemburg’s conception, it was fo
Page 306 and 307: draws in ever greater masses. [...]
Page 308 and 309: The onset of the Cold War left the
Page 310 and 311: - General rejection of all groups t
Page 312 and 313: disappeared in 1948. Canne-Meijer w
Page 314 and 315: Bond arrived at the idea that the R
Page 316 and 317: After World War II council communis
Page 318 and 319: joined the left wing of the SPD or
Page 320 and 321: Like SB, it paraded a strong anti-b
Page 322 and 323: If ‘councilism’ as an organised
Page 324 and 325: The history of the Dutch and German
Page 326 and 327: organisational discipline, both exp
Page 328 and 329: looked to changes in the sociologic
Page 330 and 331: The criticisms put forward by Geyer
Page 332 and 333: BIBLIOGRAPHY A bibliography on the
Page 336 and 337: Rote Armee (constituted in April 19
Page 338 and 339: Korrespondenz-Blatt der KAPD, ‚an
Page 340 and 341: ‘Monatsblätter aus der Jugendbew
Page 342 and 343: Nasha Duma, Sofia, Oct. - Dec. 1919
Page 344 and 345: THE NETHERLANDS The Dutch communist
Page 346 and 347: Uit eigen kring; intern orgaan (the
Page 348 and 349: (These latter two texts have been t
Page 350 and 351: There is a good choice of texts, tr
Page 352 and 353: Zur Psychologie des proletarisches
Page 354 and 355: Marxism: last refuge of the bourgeo
Page 356 and 357: (These texts are in Authier-Barrot,
Page 358 and 359: Der Kampf um die Macht in der Gegen
Page 360 and 361: Pamphlets by the Bulgarian left com
Page 362 and 363: REICHENBACH (Bernard), ‘Moscow 19
Page 364 and 365: ‚Über Karl Korsch’, in Jahrbuc
Page 366 and 367: ROEGHOLT (Richter), Ben Sijes. Een
Page 368 and 369: JANEV (Nikola), Balgarskata komunis
Page 370 and 371: The ‘intellectual current’: lit
Page 372 and 373: MALANDRINO (Corrado), ‘Anton Pann
Page 374 and 375: BERENDSEN (Hans), & WEEDA (Rik), Ui
Page 376 and 377: HARMSEN (Ger), Historisch overzicht
Page 378 and 379: NGO VAN, Vietnam 1920-1945, révolu
Page 380 and 381: WINCKLER (Heinrich August), Arbeite
Page 382 and 383: Protokolle der Vereinigungs-Konfere
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Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli,
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CWI: Communist Workers’ Internati
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NSV: Nederlandsch Syndikalistisch V
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VOC: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compa
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Blackwell (Russell) [alias: Negrete
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Fischer (Ruth) [Eisler (Elfriede),
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KAPN, 17, 138, 172, 187, 199, 204-2
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Most (Johann), 29 Mühsam (Erich),
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Rühle (Otto), 13, 17, 21, 62, 120,
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Vonk (group De), 324, 329, 337, 351
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