Chapter 1 Introduction - Quia

Chemistry Midterm 2012 Exam Review Minniear
WOW, have you done a lot of work!
Chapter 1 Introduction
SWBAT define matter, mass, weight, volume, hypothesis, independent variable, dependent
variable, control, constant, theory, law, model
SWBAT compare and contrast mass and weight
SWBAT compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative data
In a description of an experiment, SWBAT identify qualitative and quantitative data,
independent and dependent variable, control and constant.
SWBAT correctly identify lab equipment.
SWBAT explain and follow safe lab procedures
*God reveals Himself through His creation; science is a particular way to study the creation and
to gain insight into the nature and character of God.
*Both the power and glory of God are revealed through scientific study.
*There is no conflict between science and God.
Chapter 2 Data Analysis
SWBAT explain the difference between accuracy and precision
SWBAT choose the better measuring device depending on the degrees of precision and accuracy
required.
SWBAT accurately and precisely measure using a metric ruler, graduated cylinder and electronic
balance.
SWBAT record data using the appropriate number of significant figures.
SWBAT convert between standard form and scientific notation.
SWBAT determine density in a lab setting and complete density calculations.
SWBAT plot data on a scatterplot graph.
SWBAT use data interpolation and extrapolation to find mass, area or density of an unknown.
*God reveals Himself through His creation; science is a particular way to study the creation and
to gain insight into the nature and character of God.
*Patterns in mathematical concepts like measuring, significant figures, scientific notation, and
data interpolation/extrapolation reveal that creation is not random and haphazard, but orderly;
likewise, God’s nature is not random and haphazard but orderly.
Learning Goals Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Matter: Properties and Change
SWBAT explain how all matter is made of atoms.
SWBAT identify chemical properties and physical properties
SWBAT define and name examples of physical changes
SWBAT define and name examples of chemical changes
SWBAT list the 4 evidences that a chemical reaction has occurred
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Chemistry Midterm 2012 Exam Review Minniear
SWBAT explain the differences between pure substances (elements and compounds) and
mixtures (heterogeneous and homogeneous)
SWBAT classify material as pure substances (elements and compounds) or mixtures
(heterogeneous and homogeneous)
SWBAT describe different techniques used to separate mixtures.
SWBAT apply the Law of Conservation of Mass to chemical reactions.
SWBAT explain what the Law of Definite Proportions means.
SWBAT complete percent by mass calculations
*The Law of Conservation of Mass (and Energy) means that the amount of mass and energy in
the universe is constant; it has not changed since the creation. Every atom that exists today has
existed since it was created. Only God can create something out of nothing; all we can do is
rearrange it.
*There are 92 known naturally occurring elements, but almost all known matter is mostly
composed of about 20 common elements; this illustrates the creative nature of the Creator.
*Our ability to rearrange atoms in order to form previously unknown chemical compounds
(materials and medicines, for example) reflects the creativity of the Creator as we are made in
His image.
Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom
SWBAT identify the major contributors to modern atomic theory and their major contributions:
Dalton, Thomson, Millikan, Rutherford, Chadwick
SWBAT compare and contrast the “plum pudding” and nuclear (or Rutherford) atomic models.
SWBAT describe Rutherford’s gold foil experiment
SWBAT define atom
SWBAT describe the major parts and general structure of an atom including location and charges
of the subatomic particles
SWBAT define and locate on the periodic table: atomic number, atomic mass
SWBAT explain the role of the atomic number in the identification of an atom.
SWBAT explain that elements are arranged on the periodic table by increasing atomic mass
SWBAT to define isotope
SWBAT determine an isotope’s mass number
SWBAT determine which is the most abundant isotope based on the atomic mass
SWBAT write and interpret isotopic notation
Given its symbol, SWBAT determine the number of subatomic particles in an isotope
SWBAT explain the relationship between an unstable nucleus and radioactive decay
SWBAT characterize alpha, beta and gamma radiation in terms of mass and charge.
Given the percent abundances, SWBAT calculate the atomic mass for an element.
*Structure requires a designer; atomic structure clearly reflects a careful, orderly, extraordinary
design. It is not random or chaotic, but orderly and impossible in its detail, size, and sheer
numbers.
*The numerical sequence of increasing atomic number reflects a God that “thinks” rationally and
mathematically.
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Chemistry Midterm 2012 Exam Review Minniear
Chapter 5 Electrons in Atoms
SWBAT compare and contrast the dual nature of light (wave model and particle model)
SWBAT explain the main points in the continuing development of the atomic model (post
Rutherford)
SWBAT describe how the development of the atomic model was a collaborative effort and
identify the major contributors (Planck, Bohr, De Broglie, Heisenberg, Schrödinger)
SWBAT explain why each element has a unique emission spectrum
Ground state and excited state
Quanta, photons
SWBAT explain the main points of the Bohr Model and the Quantum Model
SWBAT predict electron configuration by completing spdf notation, orbital notation, and
electron dot symbols for elements
Aufbau principle
Pauli exclusion principle
Hund’s rule
Sublevels and orbitals
*In studying the atom, particularly the subatomic particles, we begin to find apparent
contradictions and impossibilities…yet matter clearly exists and functions in predictable ways.
This begins to demonstrate how limited we are in our understanding of God’s thoughts and
God’s ways.
* The incredible complexity and order at the subatomic level clearly evidences an intelligently
designed creation by a Creator of unfathomable intelligence and creativity.
Chapter 6 The Periodic Table and Periodic Law
SWBAT identify key features of the periodic table
SWBAT identify the contributions of the developers of the modern periodic table – Mendeleev
and Moseley
SWBAT define ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity.
SWBAT explain the role of ionization energy and electron affinity in the formation of ions
SWBAT identify and explain trends in atomic radius by period and group, trends in ion radius,
trends in ionization energy by period and group, trends in electronegativity by period and group.
*It is important to note that Mendeleev did not impose order on the elements; he discovered the
key to the orderliness that is part of their created nature. This orderliness reflects the Creator.
Creation is not random, chaotic, or haphazard; like its Creator, it is beautiful and complex with
levels of structure and order that we are only beginning to penetrate.
Chapter 7 and 8 Bonding and Nomenclature
SWBAT explain why atoms bond (lower energy state is more stable)
SWBAT explain and apply the Octet Rule
SWBAT define Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds and Metallic Bonds
SWABT compare and contrast between the different types of bonds
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Chemistry Midterm 2012 Exam Review Minniear
SWBAT predict ionic bond formation
SWBAT determine the charges on ions using the periodic table for Main Group elements
SWBAT define ion, cation, anion, formula unit, molecule
SWBAT determine the ratios of atoms in an ionic compound based on their charges
SWBAT predict the formula unit for binary ionic compounds
SWBAT name binary ionic compounds
SWBAT recall the names, formulas and charges for the most common polyatomic ions: NH 4 ,
NO 2 , NO 3 , OH, C 2 H 3 O 2 , CO 3 , HCO 3 , SO 4 , SO 3 , PO 4 , ClO, ClO 2 , ClO 3 , ClO 4
SWBAT determine the oxidation number of metals with multiple oxidation numbers in a binary
compound
SWBAT name binary and ternary acids
SWBAT predict covalent bond formation
SWBAT complete Lewis formulas and line formulas for simple covalent compounds.
SWBAT name covalent compounds
SWBAT determine the molecular formula for covalent compounds
SWBAT define polarity
SWBAT define and apply VSEPR
SWBAT to predict simple molecular shapes
SWBAT predict which molecules will be polar molecules
SWBAT explain the Free-Electron Theory
SWBAT explain how the physical properties of metals relate to metallic bonding
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