Chemical Hygiene Plan - Queensborough Community College ...

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• All mineral acids are corrosive. • Noncombustible substances. • Some are highly reactive to certain substances, causing fire and/or explosions. Examples: Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydroiodic acid Phosphoric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid ORGANIC CYANIDES (NITRILES) • These are organic derivatives of Hydrocyanic acid or the cyano-substituted organic compounds. • Nitriles are highly reactive, the CN group reacts with a large number of reactants to form a wide variety of products, such as amides, amines, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, thioamides, and other compounds. • Nitriles are highly toxic compounds, some of them are as toxic as alkali metal cyanides. • Lower aliphatic nitriles are flammable and form explosive mixtures with air. The explosive range narrows down with an increase in the carbon chain length. Examples: Acrylonitrile Butyronitrile Acetonitrile Cyanohydrin ORGANIC ISOCYANATES • Organic groups attached to the isocyanate group. • These compounds are highly reactive due to the high unsaturation in the isocyanate functional group. • Isocyanates in general are highly reactive toward compounds containing active hydrogen atoms. • Most isocyanates are hazardous to health. • They are lachrymators and irritants to the skin and mucous membranes. • Skin contact can cause itching, eczema, and mild tanning. • Inhalation if isocyanate vapors can produce asthma-like allergic reaction, with symptoms from difficulty in breathing to acute attacks and sudden loss of consciousness. • Toxicities of isocyanates vary widely, in addition, health hazards differ significantly on the route of exposure but occur primarily via inhalation exposure. • Most isocyanates have high flash points, therefore the fire hazard is low. • However, closed containers can rupture due to the pressure built up from carbon dioxide, which is formed from reaction with moisture. Examples: n-Butyl isocyanate Methyl isocyanate Hexamethylene diisocyanate Phenyl isocyanate 199
ORGANIC PEROXIDES • Compounds containing the peroxide group bound to organic groups. • In general the toxicity is low to moderate. • Peroxides are a hazardous class of compounds, some of which are extremely dangerous to handle. • The dangerous ones are highly reactive, powerful oxidizers, highly flammable and often form decomposition products, which are more flammable. • Many organic peroxides can explode violently due to one or a combination of the follow factors: o Mechanical shock, such as impact, jarring, or friction o Heat o <strong>Chemical</strong> contact • Short chain alkyl and acyl peroxides, hydroperoxides, peroxyesters, and peroxydicarbonates with low carbon numbers are of much greater hazard than the long chain peroxy compounds. • The active oxygen content of peroxides is measured as the amount of active oxygen (from peroxide functional group) per 100 gm of the substance. The greater the percentage of active oxygen in formulation, the higher is its reactivity. An active oxygen content exceeding 9% is too dangerous for handling and shipping. Examples: Benzoyl peroxide Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate Cumene hydroperoxide Hydroperoxyenthanol Diacetyl peroxide OXIDIZERS • Include certain classes of inorganic compounds that are strong oxidizing agents, evolving oxygen on decomposition. • These substances are rich in oxygen and decompose violently on heating. • The explosion hazard arises when these substances come into contact with easily oxidizable compounds such as organics, metals, or metal hydrides. • When the solid substances are finely divided and combined, the risk of explosion is enhanced. • The unstable intermediate products, so formed, are sensitive to heat, shock, and percussion. • The health hazard from the substances arises due to their strong corrosive action on the skin and eyes. • The toxicity depends on the metal ions in these molecules. Examples: Bromates Chlorites Dichromates Hypochlorites Iodates Inorganic peroxides Nitrates Perchlorates Periodates Permanganates 200
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LABORATORY SAFETY AND CHEMICAL HYGI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Purpose..........
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Visiting Scientists and Other Simil
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Cryogenic Safety...................
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PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL The main pur
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The OSHA Laboratory Standard requir
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12. Maintain records and make them
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3. Keep the Department Chairperson,
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6. Before an extremely hazardous su
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• Laboratories can use “price t
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shipment of improperly labeled prod
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• Do not smell or taste chemicals
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5.3 Inhalation Inhalation of chemic
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Symptoms of skin exposure to chemic
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5.10 Toxic Effects Toxic effects ar
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• All chemical containers MUST be
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· Peroxidizable materials (aldehyd
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6.4 Transporting Chemicals When tra
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liquids not in use should be kept i
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7. An inside storage room meeting a
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VII. CHEMICAL HAZARDS Chemicals can
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• Metal Picrate Salts • 2,4-Din
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7.5 Dangerous When Wet “Dangerous
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ways to remove them if discovered.
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1(800) 222-1222. If possible, bring
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• Prior approval - Before anyone
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everyone in the laboratory is aware
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particularly hazardous substances
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8.7 Reproductive Toxins The OSHA La
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9.1 Chemical Fume Hoods Fume hoods
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inspected, and initials of the insp
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9.4 Biological Safety Cabinet Certi
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• Plan and prepare for your work
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The topic of glove boxes can be con
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10.1 Standard Operating Procedures
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paper, boxes, plastics, etc.) withi
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10.6 Working Alone In Appendix A of
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• The nature of the experiment in
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Additionally, as with installation
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• Record keeping requirements •
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Prescription Safety Eyewear OSHA re
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different glove types. Different ma
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• Natural Rubber Latex*** - Resis
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The use of all types of respiratory
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your College’s Emergency Procedur
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• Check all pressure, temperature
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If you have been trained and it is
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4) Try to prevent spilled chemicals
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their use. Colleges and departments
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Once outside, notify emergency resp
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5) Keep flushing for at least 15 mi
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3. The New York City Rules and Regu
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6. Selection of Hazardous Waste Con
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XV. PESTICIDES A pesticide is defin
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16.1 Institutional Biosafety Commit
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the College’s IACUC must ensure t
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• Materials derived from animals
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the same regulations and laws; and
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problems and compliance issues, and
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from any given amperage, the table
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extension cords, see the Consumer P
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"reset" buttons. They are found on
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properly replaced before use. Movin
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22.4.1 Handling Compressed Gas Cyli
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materials for connections; toxic an
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Therefore, when counting an “equa
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• If toxic, flammable, or otherwi
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22.9 Centrifuges Some general safet
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significant thrust may be experienc
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frozen to the underlying skin, cold
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• Allow the system to cool and th
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• Cover the tubing with cloth and
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• Apparatus, equipment, or chemic
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• Seat height—be sure lab chair
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Page 151 and 152: 23.3 Cylinders • Before moving to
Page 153 and 154: EHS roles/responsibilities: • Pro
Page 155 and 156: and that there are no dents or hole
Page 157 and 158: • The contents of the Laboratory
Page 159 and 160: Training Manuals and Booklets P.I.s
Page 161 and 162: • Where airborne exposure monitor
Page 163 and 164: than one year's employment must be
Page 165 and 166: APPENDIX B: SITE MAP 164
Page 167 and 168: APPENDIX D: OSHA TOXIC SUBSTANCES L
Page 169 and 170: APPENDIX F: SAMPLE LAB INSPECTION F
Page 171 and 172: APPENDIX G: CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY
Page 173 and 174: peroxide, Nitric acid, Sodium perox
Page 175 and 176: Sodium peroxide Sulfides Sulfuric a
Page 177 and 178: APPENDIX I: FDNY REGULATIONS GOVERN
Page 179 and 180: 41 and the total quantity, excludin
Page 181 and 182: Dimethyl sulfoxide 1 Natural rubber
Page 183 and 184: Pump oil Butyl rubber Silane based
Page 185 and 186: APPENDIX L: HOW TO UNDERSTAND MATER
Page 187 and 188: Percent Volatile by Volume: Describ
Page 189 and 190: Stability: Unstable indicates that
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX M: HAZARDS OF FUNCTIONAL G
Page 193 and 194: Examples: Butane Cyclohexene Cyclop
Page 195 and 196: • Azides of nonmetals, such as th
Page 197 and 198: • The routes of exposure are inha
Page 199: • Many of the common solvents can
Page 203 and 204: • High doses may produce somnolen
Page 205 and 206: APPENDIX O:LASER REGISTRATION FORM
Page 207 and 208: APPENDIX Q : APPENDIX OF REFERENCE
Page 209 and 210: Biological Effects and Exposure Cri
Page 211 and 212: Dental X-Ray Protection, National C
Page 213 and 214: Gibson, David E., Printmaking, Occu
Page 215 and 216: Laboratory Decontamination and Carc
Page 217 and 218: Natural Background Radiation In The
Page 219 and 220: Public Radiation Exposure from Nucl
Page 221 and 222: Materials, The School of the Art In
Page 223 and 224: Video Display Terminals, Bell Labor
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