Chemical Hygiene Plan - Queensborough Community College ...
Chemical Hygiene Plan - Queensborough Community College ...
Chemical Hygiene Plan - Queensborough Community College ...
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• All mineral acids are corrosive.<br />
• Noncombustible substances.<br />
• Some are highly reactive to certain substances, causing fire and/or explosions.<br />
Examples: Hydrochloric acid<br />
Hydrofluoric acid<br />
Hydroiodic acid<br />
Phosphoric acid<br />
Nitric acid<br />
Sulfuric acid<br />
ORGANIC CYANIDES (NITRILES)<br />
• These are organic derivatives of Hydrocyanic acid or the cyano-substituted<br />
organic compounds.<br />
• Nitriles are highly reactive, the CN group reacts with a large number of reactants<br />
to form a wide variety of products, such as amides, amines, carboxylic acids,<br />
aldehydes, ketones, esters, thioamides, and other compounds.<br />
• Nitriles are highly toxic compounds, some of them are as toxic as alkali metal<br />
cyanides.<br />
• Lower aliphatic nitriles are flammable and form explosive mixtures with air. The<br />
explosive range narrows down with an increase in the carbon chain length.<br />
Examples: Acrylonitrile Butyronitrile<br />
Acetonitrile<br />
Cyanohydrin<br />
ORGANIC ISOCYANATES<br />
• Organic groups attached to the isocyanate group.<br />
• These compounds are highly reactive due to the high unsaturation in the<br />
isocyanate functional group.<br />
• Isocyanates in general are highly reactive toward compounds containing active<br />
hydrogen atoms.<br />
• Most isocyanates are hazardous to health.<br />
• They are lachrymators and irritants to the skin and mucous membranes.<br />
• Skin contact can cause itching, eczema, and mild tanning.<br />
• Inhalation if isocyanate vapors can produce asthma-like allergic reaction, with<br />
symptoms from difficulty in breathing to acute attacks and sudden loss of<br />
consciousness.<br />
• Toxicities of isocyanates vary widely, in addition, health hazards differ<br />
significantly on the route of exposure but occur primarily via inhalation exposure.<br />
• Most isocyanates have high flash points, therefore the fire hazard is low.<br />
• However, closed containers can rupture due to the pressure built up from carbon<br />
dioxide, which is formed from reaction with moisture.<br />
Examples: n-Butyl isocyanate<br />
Methyl isocyanate<br />
Hexamethylene diisocyanate Phenyl isocyanate<br />
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