Chemical Hygiene Plan - Queensborough Community College ...

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• The health hazard from exposure to these compounds may be due to their anesthetic actions; damaging effects on liver and kidney; and in case of certain compounds, carcinogenicity. • The toxic symptoms are drowsiness, lack of coordination, anesthesia, hepatitis, and necrosis of the liver. • Vapors may cause irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. • Death may result from cardiac arrest due to prolonged exposure to high concentrations. • Ingestion can produce nausea, vomiting, and liver injury. • Fluorocarbons are less toxic than the chloro-, bromo-, and iodo- compounds, the toxicity increases with increase in the mass number of the halogen atoms. • Some of the halogenated hydrocarbons cause cancer in humans. Examples: Benzyl chloride Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Ethyl bromide Fluorobenzene Methylene chloride HYDRIDES • The single most hazardous property of hydrides is their high reactivity toward water. • The reaction with water is violent and can be explosive with liberation of hydrogen. • Many hydrides are flammable solids that may ignite spontaneously on exposure to moist air. • Many ionic hydrides are strongly basic; their reactions with acids are violent and exothermic, which can cause ignition. • Hydrides are also powerful reducing agents, they react violently with strong oxidizing substances, causing explosions. • Covalent volatile hydrides such as arsine, silane, or germane are highly toxic. • Ionic alkali metal hydrides are corrosive to skin, as they form caustic alkalies readily with moisture. Examples: Decarborane Lithium aluminum hydride Potassium hydride Sodium borohydride Sodium hydride INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS • The toxic effects of most of the solvents are of low order, chronic exposures or large doses can produce moderate to severe poisoning. • Most organic solvents are flammable or combustible liquids, the vapors of which can form explosive mixtures with air. 197
• Many of the common solvents can cause flashback of the vapors, and some form peroxide on prolonged storage, especially those compounds containing an ether functional group, some also can form shock-sensitive solvated complexes with metal perchlorates. Examples: Acetamide Acetone Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Methyl acetate Pyridine Tetrahydrofuran INORGANIC CYANIDES • Inorganic cyanides are the metal salts of Hydrocyanic acid. • Cyanides of alkali metals are extremely toxic. • In addition to being extremely toxic by ingestion or skin absorption, most metal cyanides present a serious hazard of forming extremely toxic Hydrogen cyanide when they come into contact with acids. Examples: Barium cyanide Cyanogen chloride Cyanamide cyanogen Hydrogen cyanate Potassium cyanide Sodium cyanide KETONES • Similar to aldehydes. • In general, the toxicity is much lower than that of other functional groups, such as cyanides or amines. • Unlike aldehydes and alcohols, some of the simplest ketones are less toxic than the higher ones. • Beyond 7 carbons, the higher ones are almost nontoxic. • Substitution of other functional groups can alter toxicity significantly. • The simplest ketones are highly flammable. • The flammability decreases with increase in the carbon number. Examples: Acetophenone Acetone Ketene Mesityl oxide Methyl Ethyl Ketone MINERAL ACIDS • Acid strengths vary widely. • Sour in taste. • React with a base to form salt and water. • Produce hydrogen when reacting with most common metals. • Produce carbon dioxide when reacting with most carbonates. 198
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LABORATORY SAFETY AND CHEMICAL HYGI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Purpose..........
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Visiting Scientists and Other Simil
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Cryogenic Safety...................
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PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL The main pur
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The OSHA Laboratory Standard requir
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12. Maintain records and make them
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3. Keep the Department Chairperson,
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6. Before an extremely hazardous su
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• Laboratories can use “price t
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shipment of improperly labeled prod
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• Do not smell or taste chemicals
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5.3 Inhalation Inhalation of chemic
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Symptoms of skin exposure to chemic
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5.10 Toxic Effects Toxic effects ar
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• All chemical containers MUST be
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· Peroxidizable materials (aldehyd
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6.4 Transporting Chemicals When tra
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liquids not in use should be kept i
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7. An inside storage room meeting a
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VII. CHEMICAL HAZARDS Chemicals can
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• Metal Picrate Salts • 2,4-Din
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7.5 Dangerous When Wet “Dangerous
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ways to remove them if discovered.
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1(800) 222-1222. If possible, bring
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• Prior approval - Before anyone
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everyone in the laboratory is aware
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particularly hazardous substances
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8.7 Reproductive Toxins The OSHA La
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9.1 Chemical Fume Hoods Fume hoods
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inspected, and initials of the insp
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9.4 Biological Safety Cabinet Certi
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• Plan and prepare for your work
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The topic of glove boxes can be con
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10.1 Standard Operating Procedures
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paper, boxes, plastics, etc.) withi
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10.6 Working Alone In Appendix A of
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• The nature of the experiment in
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Additionally, as with installation
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• Record keeping requirements •
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Prescription Safety Eyewear OSHA re
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different glove types. Different ma
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• Natural Rubber Latex*** - Resis
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The use of all types of respiratory
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your College’s Emergency Procedur
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• Check all pressure, temperature
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If you have been trained and it is
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4) Try to prevent spilled chemicals
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their use. Colleges and departments
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Once outside, notify emergency resp
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5) Keep flushing for at least 15 mi
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3. The New York City Rules and Regu
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6. Selection of Hazardous Waste Con
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XV. PESTICIDES A pesticide is defin
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16.1 Institutional Biosafety Commit
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the College’s IACUC must ensure t
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• Materials derived from animals
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the same regulations and laws; and
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problems and compliance issues, and
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from any given amperage, the table
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extension cords, see the Consumer P
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"reset" buttons. They are found on
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properly replaced before use. Movin
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22.4.1 Handling Compressed Gas Cyli
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materials for connections; toxic an
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Therefore, when counting an “equa
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• If toxic, flammable, or otherwi
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22.9 Centrifuges Some general safet
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significant thrust may be experienc
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frozen to the underlying skin, cold
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• Allow the system to cool and th
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• Cover the tubing with cloth and
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• Apparatus, equipment, or chemic
Page 147 and 148: • Seat height—be sure lab chair
Page 149 and 150: someone else in your department or
Page 151 and 152: 23.3 Cylinders • Before moving to
Page 153 and 154: EHS roles/responsibilities: • Pro
Page 155 and 156: and that there are no dents or hole
Page 157 and 158: • The contents of the Laboratory
Page 159 and 160: Training Manuals and Booklets P.I.s
Page 161 and 162: • Where airborne exposure monitor
Page 163 and 164: than one year's employment must be
Page 165 and 166: APPENDIX B: SITE MAP 164
Page 167 and 168: APPENDIX D: OSHA TOXIC SUBSTANCES L
Page 169 and 170: APPENDIX F: SAMPLE LAB INSPECTION F
Page 171 and 172: APPENDIX G: CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY
Page 173 and 174: peroxide, Nitric acid, Sodium perox
Page 175 and 176: Sodium peroxide Sulfides Sulfuric a
Page 177 and 178: APPENDIX I: FDNY REGULATIONS GOVERN
Page 179 and 180: 41 and the total quantity, excludin
Page 181 and 182: Dimethyl sulfoxide 1 Natural rubber
Page 183 and 184: Pump oil Butyl rubber Silane based
Page 185 and 186: APPENDIX L: HOW TO UNDERSTAND MATER
Page 187 and 188: Percent Volatile by Volume: Describ
Page 189 and 190: Stability: Unstable indicates that
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX M: HAZARDS OF FUNCTIONAL G
Page 193 and 194: Examples: Butane Cyclohexene Cyclop
Page 195 and 196: • Azides of nonmetals, such as th
Page 197: • The routes of exposure are inha
Page 201 and 202: ORGANIC PEROXIDES • Compounds con
Page 203 and 204: • High doses may produce somnolen
Page 205 and 206: APPENDIX O:LASER REGISTRATION FORM
Page 207 and 208: APPENDIX Q : APPENDIX OF REFERENCE
Page 209 and 210: Biological Effects and Exposure Cri
Page 211 and 212: Dental X-Ray Protection, National C
Page 213 and 214: Gibson, David E., Printmaking, Occu
Page 215 and 216: Laboratory Decontamination and Carc
Page 217 and 218: Natural Background Radiation In The
Page 219 and 220: Public Radiation Exposure from Nucl
Page 221 and 222: Materials, The School of the Art In
Page 223 and 224: Video Display Terminals, Bell Labor
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