BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 2B10 – Building code requirements for existing buildings Source: BPIE survey AT Specific maximum heating energy demand targets for major renovation of residential and non-residential buildings. Values for renovated buildings are around 25-38% higher than new build requirements. Heat recovery must be added to ventilation systems when renewed. Maximum permitted U values for different elements in case of single measure or major renovations. Prescriptive requirements to limit summer over-heating. BE Maximum U values and ventilation requirements apply depending on the region. BG Regulations requiring performance-based standards of existing housing and other buildings after renovation. Requirements for new and renovated buildings are the same. CH Renovated buildings are required to use no more than 125% of the space heating demand of an equivalent new building. A single element approach may also be applicable for renovations. CY Minimum energy performance requirements (class A or B) for buildings over 1,000 m 2 undergoing major renovation. CZ Performance-based requirements when a building over 1,000 m 2 is renovated. Requirements for new and renovated buildings are the same. DE Conditional requirements apply in the case of renovation of components whereby requirements extend exclusively to those parts of the building surface and parts of the installation that are the subject of the measures. Alternatively, a holistic assessment can also be made where values for renovated buildings should not exceed new build requirements by more than 40%. DK Component level requirements when existing buildings are refurbished for all improvements or extensions regardless of building size. EE Performance-based requirements for all building types when buildings are major renovated. Values for renovated buildings are around 25-38% higher than new build requirements. ES Existing buildings over 1,000 m 2 must comply with the same minimum performance requirements as new buildings if more than 25% of the envelope is renovated. FI Reference transmittance/heat loss (in W/K) requirements apply. New energy performance regulations will be launched in 2012. FR Performance-based requirements for buildings undergoing renovation apply for residential buildings and values depend on the climate and type of heating (fossil fuel/electricity). Requirements for components also apply during building renovation. New renovation requirements for all buildings from 2013. HU Performance-based requirements (in terms of primary energy) apply for residential buildings, offices and educational buildings. Requirements for new and renovated buildings are the same. LT Buildings over 1,000 m 2 undergoing major renovation must achieve the energy performance standard of a Class D building where D corresponds to 110 kWh/m 2 a for buildings > 3,000 m 2 ; 130 kWh/m 2 a for buildings from 501 to 3,000 m 2 ; 145 kWh/m 2 a for buildings up to 500 m 2 . LV Requirements on different elements are applicable. MT U value requirements for existing renovated buildings. NL The Energy Performance Standard (EPN) sets requirements for the energy performance of major renovations of existing buildings (expressed as an energy performance coefficient). NO Building regulation requirements only apply when the purpose or use of the building is changed at renovation or if considered so extensive as to be equivalent to a new building. PT Special requirements for buildings over 1,000 m 2 and over a specified threshold energy cost. A mandatory energy efficiency plan must be prepared and all energy efficiency improvement measures with a payback of less than 8 years must (by law) be implemented. The threshold is based upon 40% of the worst performing buildings by typology. SI Minimum requirements apply to major renovations (i.e. if at least 25 % of the envelope is renovated). The requirements apply to buildings of all size (NB the 1,000 m 2 limit is not used). Min. requirements apply for the renovation of heating systems. SK Requirements for improving the thermal performance of apartment by at least 20% when being renovated. UK Specific requirements when replacing “controlled elements” such as windows, boilers and thermal elements in residential buildings. Consequential improvement requirements for buildings over 1,000 m 2 undergoing major renovation in so far as they are “technically, functionally and economically feasible”. 88 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
Enforcement and Compliance Building control requirements prior to, during and upon completion of the construction phase typically involve announcement to authority, application for permits, approval of plans, inspections by authority and completion of certificates. These requirements can be a critical step for ensuring regulation enforcement. Based on a comprehensive review of Building Control published in June 2006 36 by the Consortium of European Building Control (CEBC), building control systems in Europe have undergone significant change over the past two decades. In many countries greater market liberalisation has resulted in a move away from government-run building control functions. There are growing calls for minimum quality assurance standards to be introduced in all countries to licence, audit and regulate the activities of individuals (both public and private) involved in undertaking the building control function. This is particularly important in the context of the structural, fire protection and energy performance regulation requirements, where the issues are technically complex and specialist skills and expertise is required. In the context of renovations, the BPIE survey has gathered information on the requirements, typical time period and main obstacles associated with obtaining a permit for carrying out renovation work. From the reported answers, it was clear that not all countries have permit requirements for renovations while, for the ones that do so, permits are typically necessary if major changes are undertaken in the façade of buildings (from modifying the roof to adding external insulation in case of France). Moreover, the time required to obtain a permit could vary substantially from one month (e.g. in Czech Republic) to several months (e.g. in Belgium) where the timeframe can be shorter if the project is supported by a renovation programme (e.g. in Germany this is the case with the KfW Programme). In addition, many observers suggest that the compliance and enforcement of building energy codes is currently undertaken with less rigour and attention to detail, than other building regulation requirements such as structural integrity and/or fire safety. While there are few studies on compliance with building energy codes, there is a growing body of academic research suggesting that as building thermal requirements become more demanding (e.g. in the pursuit of nearly Zero Energy Buildings) there is increasing evidence of a performance gap between design intent (i.e. theoretical performance as modelled using national calculation methods) and the actual energy performance in-use. This suggests one or more of the following issues: the calculation methods are flawed, the enforcement regime is not being undertaken sufficiently rigorously or designers and builders are failing to satisfactorily deliver the outcome intended. Closing the performance gap between design intent (and regulatory requirement) is likely to become an important issue over the next decade if countries are to deliver the climate and environmental targets related to buildings. The key findings of the PRC/Delft Univ. of Technology review of National Building Regulations 1 found that there was “little attention yet to enforcing sustainable building regulations in most of the various countries analysed”. The report also suggested that, given the highly technical nature of the requirements associated with sustainability and energy, there was a serious shortage of individuals with appropriate expertise to undertake the building control function. This is resulting in poor enforcement of compliance associated with these important issues. 36 Consortium of European Building Control BCR Report Building Control Systems in Europe June 2006 http://www.cebc.eu/files/reports/bcr_-_ issue_2_-_sep_2006.pdf Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 89
Page 1 and 2:
Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 3 and 4:
Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
Page 5 and 6:
ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8:
ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
Page 9 and 10:
Space standards (expressed through
Page 11 and 12:
Buildings vary remarkably in terms
Page 13 and 14:
The absence of previous requirement
Page 15 and 16:
It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18:
In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20:
Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22:
The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 23 and 24:
Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 25 and 26:
areas. These factors were defined f
Page 27 and 28:
A. building typology From large com
Page 29 and 30:
The floor space breakdown per count
Page 31 and 32:
IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
Page 35 and 36:
While the dataset of residential bu
Page 37 and 38: Size Information on the size of non
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45 and 46: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 47 and 48: The performance of households depen
Page 49 and 50: Within the existing European stock,
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67 and 68: Although the certification schemes
Page 69 and 70: Number of countries with penalties
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78: Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80: egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82: LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84: Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86: iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87: Building code requirements for exis
Page 91 and 92: Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94: Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96: D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100: The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102: Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104: At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106: New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108: Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112: projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114: C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116: An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118: Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
Page 119 and 120: Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122: Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124: Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126: • Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128: • A reliable and continuous data
Page 129 and 130: DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
Page 131 and 132: U-Value: is the measure of the rate
show all

BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?