BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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Table 2B2 – EPC costs (€ unless otherwise stated) and existence of penalties in the event of non-compliance Source : BPIE survey complemented with data from EPBD Concerted Action 2010 Report Single family Multi-family Non-residential Penalties foreseen for EPC noncompliance AT 300-420 About 1/m 2 Office buildings about 1/m 2 . No BE Yes BG 0,5-1,5/m 2 (cost for the energy audit needed to issue a certificate) Yes CH 400-600CHF 500-800CHF 700-1,200CHF (up to 1000 m 2 ) No CY Yes CZ 200-500 1000-5000 Others: 1000-5000 Yes DE 150-300 (considerably lower if the EPC is online-based) 250-600 (considerably lower if the EPC is online-based) DK Up to 730 for 100 m 2 dwellings, up to 875 for 300 1-3/m 2 Yes m 2 dwellings EE 130-300 200-3000 No ES From 100 Up to 4000 Yes FI 150-500 600-1000 No FR 250 80/dwelling 300-1000 Yes GR 1,5/m 2 1-2/m 2 (150 minimum) 300-2,500 (up to 1000 m 2 ) No (200 minimum) From 2,500 (for buildings above 1000 m 2 ) HU 40-100/dwelling No IE Yes IT 300-10000 (all buildings) Yes LT From 70 Up to 2,500 Yes LV 300-500 No LU 500-1,300 125-250/dwelling Yes MT 250-750 Yes NL 100-250 0,5-1/m 2 Yes NO Yes PL 50-150 Up to 750 No PT 45 for EPC registration + 1-3/m 2 (charged by the inspection expert) RO SE About 400 1,000-1,500 for an average sized buildings 50 for registration of an EPC + 1-3/m 2 (charged by the inspection expert) About 1/m 2 for uncomplicated/simple buildings SI 300-500 No SK About 250 Up to thousand/s euros Yes UK £30-100 From £200 Yes Yes Yes No Yes 68 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
Number of countries with penalties for EPC’s non compliance Figure 2B5 – Number of countries with penalties foreseen for EPC non-compliance Source: BPIE survey 19 10 Penalties foreseen No penalties While residential EPCs typically cost between €100 and €300 in most Member States, the full cost range is from under €50 to as much as €2,000. Information on costs for non-residential buildings was much more limited. Where quoted, the values range from €0.5 to 3/m 2 . Where available, these registers have proven to be extremely useful in monitoring and analysing the opportunities for energy performance improvement. In the longer term, they will also prove invaluable in assessing trends in energy performance. A total of 18 countries out of 29 foresee penalties in the event of non-compliance with the certification process. Inspections Although most of the countries have already inspection schemes for boilers and/or air conditioning systems, data collection on the number of inspections done by each Member State is still at a very low level. Insufficient data makes it difficult to formulate an appropriate evaluation. Italy and the Brussels Region of Belgium have experienced delays in implementing the requirements for the certification of air conditioning systems. As can be seen on Figure 2B6 countries have chosen to implement Article 8 of the initial EPBD (on the inspection of boilers) by taking steps to ensure the provision of advice to the users on boilers and heating systems (option b) instead of implementing an inspection and assessment regime (option a). Figure 2B6 - Share and number of countries having implemented Article 8 of the EPBD (on the inspection of boilers) by the method chosen Source: BPIE survey 7 b) Unknown 1 21 a) Finland, France, Ireland, The Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden and the UK have chosen option b (advice to the users) regarding the EPBD requirement for inspection of boilers, while for Switzerland it was not reported. All the other Member States have implemented inspection and assessment systems, mainly because many of the countries already had a boiler inspection system in place prior to the EPBD. Impact reported by countries in 2011 Some of the main contributions of the EPBD have been bringing energy efficiency in buildings onto the political agenda, integrating energy performance requirements and bringing it to the attention of citizens. On Table 2B3, the main impacts and benefits of the EPBD implementation reported by each country are presented. Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 69
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Europe’s buildings under the micr
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Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
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ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
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ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
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Space standards (expressed through
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Buildings vary remarkably in terms
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The absence of previous requirement
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It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18: In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22: The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 23 and 24: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 25 and 26: areas. These factors were defined f
Page 27 and 28: A. building typology From large com
Page 29 and 30: The floor space breakdown per count
Page 31 and 32: IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
Page 35 and 36: While the dataset of residential bu
Page 37 and 38: Size Information on the size of non
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45 and 46: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 47 and 48: The performance of households depen
Page 49 and 50: Within the existing European stock,
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67: Although the certification schemes
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78: Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80: egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82: LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84: Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86: iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88: Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90: Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92: Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94: Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96: D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100: The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102: Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104: At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106: New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108: Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112: projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114: C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116: An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118: Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
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Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
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Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
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Final remarks and policy recommenda
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• Finally, the EU should support
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• A reliable and continuous data
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DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
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U-Value: is the measure of the rate
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