BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Central & East Bulgaria Latvia 300 250 228 237 255 230 300 250 200 150 100 167 131 101 200 150 100 150 150 150 140 130 90 50 0 1945 1946-60 1960-80 1981-90 Slovenia 1991-00 2001-04 2005-now 50 0 Before 1940 1941-60 1961-79 1980-92 1993-02 2003 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 179 146 108 68 34 -1971 1971-80 1981-02 2003-08 2009-10 South Portugal Italy 250 200 200 200 195 250 200 220 180 180 150 100 140 130 150 100 140 95 120 110 68 50 50 0 Before 1950 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 1980-89 1990-99 2000-05 2006-10 0 1946-60 1961-71 1972-81 1982-91 >1991 48 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
Within the existing European stock, a large share (more than 40% 17 ) is built before 1960s where there were only few or no requirements for energy efficiency and only a small part of these have undergone major energy retrofits, meaning that, these have low insulation levels and their systems are old and inefficient. The oldest part of the building stock contributes greatly to the high energy consumption in the building sector. Older buildings tend to consume more due to their low performance levels. This is clearly demonstrated in Figure 1C6, which shows data on typical heating consumption levels of the existing stock by age for several countries collected through the BPIE survey. Cross-country comparisons of the performance are difficult to make due to the multiple factors affecting heating consumption as explained above. It is however clear that the largest energy saving potential is associated with the older building stock. This is a trend observed in all countries where in some cases buildings from the 1960s are worse than buildings constructed in the years before that (c.f. Bulgaria and Germany). It is interesting to note the large consumption levels for heating in the UK, indicating the very poor performance of UK buildings. Moreover, although heating needs in Southern countries such as Portugal and Italy are lower due to milder winters, the energy use in these countries is relatively high, which can be an indication of lack of sufficient thermal envelope insulation in their building stocks. For those countries, cooling becomes an important contributor to the overall consumption, where homes are, in many cases, equipped with airconditioning systems. Figure 1C7 – U values (W/(m²K) for external walls in different countries for different construction periods. Sources: SE- Mundoca & Neij (2011), NL: Kwalitatieve Woningregistratie (2006), PT: ADENE, BPIE survey 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 >1920 1921-40 Sweden The Netherlands Poland 1941-60 1961-70 1971-80 1981-90 1991-00 2001-05 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 >1900 1901-20 1921-40 1941-60 1961-80 1981-90 >2000 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 >1949 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 1980-89 1990-99 2000-05 2006-10 Sufficient thermal insulation of the building envelope is in fact essential for shielding the interior of the building from the exterior environment and minimising thermal transfer (heat losses or gains) through the envelope during the winter and summer periods. Figure 1C7 compares typical U values of exterior walls in a number of countries for different construction periods and compares these with the respective requirements for today’s new build. The lack of proper insulation in older buildings is clear in all countries due to the lack of insulation standards in those construction years. 17 This is a figure deduced from our analysis – see section 1B for further details. Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 49
Page 1 and 2: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
Page 5 and 6: ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
Page 9 and 10: Space standards (expressed through
Page 11 and 12: Buildings vary remarkably in terms
Page 13 and 14: The absence of previous requirement
Page 15 and 16: It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18: In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22: The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 25 and 26: areas. These factors were defined f
Page 27 and 28: A. building typology From large com
Page 29 and 30: The floor space breakdown per count
Page 31 and 32: IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
Page 35 and 36: While the dataset of residential bu
Page 37 and 38: Size Information on the size of non
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45 and 46: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 47: The performance of households depen
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67 and 68: Although the certification schemes
Page 69 and 70: Number of countries with penalties
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78: Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80: egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82: LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84: Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86: iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88: Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90: Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92: Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94: Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96: D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 99 and 100:
The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102:
Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104:
At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106:
New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108:
Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112:
projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114:
C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116:
An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118:
Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
Page 119 and 120:
Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124:
Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126:
• Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128:
• A reliable and continuous data
Page 129 and 130:
DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
Page 131 and 132:
U-Value: is the measure of the rate
show all

BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?