BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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Figure 1C4 – Final energy mix in residential buildings (thousand toe) by region Source: Eurostat database Central & East North & West South 45.000 40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 0 RES 21% District Heating 13% Electricty 16% Gas 26% Oil 3% Solid fuels 14% 200.000 150.000 100.000 50.000 0 RES 9% 50.000 RES 12% District Heating 5% Electricty 40.000 Electricty 26% 29% 30.000 Gas 41% 20.000 Gas 39% 10.000 Oil 19% Oil 19% 0 Solid fuels 1% Figure 1C5 – Share of heating consumption in terms of final energy use in residential buildings with corresponding energy mix Source: BPIE Survey ES (South) Energy mix for heating consumption Biomass 27% Electricity 18% PL (Central & East) Energy mix for heating consumption Biomass 20% Electricity 1% District Heat 29% FR (North & West) Energy mix for heating consumption LPG, DH other RES 6% Biomass 21% Electricity 13% Coal 1% Oil 32% Coal 41% Oil 20% Gas 23% Oil 3% Gas 7% Gas 39% Heating 55% Heating 66% Heating 67% 46 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
The performance of households depends on a number of factors such as the performance of the installed heating system and building envelope, climatic conditions, behavioural characteristics (e.g. typical indoor temperatures) and social conditions (e.g. fuel poverty meaning that not all buildings are used at maximum capacity). Despite different improvements in, for instance, heating systems, there is still a large saving potential associated with residential buildings that has not been exploited. These technologies are easily implemented in new buildings, but the challenge is mostly linked to our existing stock which forms the vast majority of our buildings. Figure 1C6 – Average heating consumption levels in terms of final energy use (kwh/(m 2 a) of single family homes by construction year Source: BPIE survey North & West 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 304,7 United Kingdom 585 430,3 350,2 268,2 102,8 Pre 1920 Mid Terrace Pre 1920 detached house Pre 1920 End terrace (with 1970) 1960’s semi-detached bungalow 1980’s detached house Post 2002 Mid Terrace 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 196 189 Germany 250 246 225 187 176 156 159 1918 1948 1957 1968 1978 1983 1987 1995 2005 2010 Sweden 94 80 158 147 150 138 >1921-40 1941+60 1961-70 1971-80 1981-90 1991-00 2001-05 53 124 Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 47
Page 1 and 2: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
Page 5 and 6: ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
Page 9 and 10: Space standards (expressed through
Page 11 and 12: Buildings vary remarkably in terms
Page 13 and 14: The absence of previous requirement
Page 15 and 16: It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18: In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22: The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 23 and 24: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 25 and 26: areas. These factors were defined f
Page 27 and 28: A. building typology From large com
Page 29 and 30: The floor space breakdown per count
Page 31 and 32: IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
Page 35 and 36: While the dataset of residential bu
Page 37 and 38: Size Information on the size of non
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 49 and 50: Within the existing European stock,
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67 and 68: Although the certification schemes
Page 69 and 70: Number of countries with penalties
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78: Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80: egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82: LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84: Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86: iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88: Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90: Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92: Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94: Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96: D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98:
Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100:
The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102:
Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104:
At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106:
New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108:
Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112:
projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114:
C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116:
An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118:
Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
Page 119 and 120:
Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124:
Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126:
• Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128:
• A reliable and continuous data
Page 129 and 130:
DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
Page 131 and 132:
U-Value: is the measure of the rate
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