BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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Figure 1B1 - Age profile of residential floor space Source: BPIE survey GR Average per region South MT ES IT 14% South 37% FI IE AT 49% North & West NL DE FR North & West 19% SE 42% DK UK 39% EE Central & East LT 17% LV 35% HU Central & East RO SK SI PL Pre 1960 1961-1990 1991-2010 48% BG CZ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% NOTES BG: Based on estimations EE: Data from 1951 onwards. GR: Data only till 2000. IT: Values exclude heritage buildings before the 1950. LT: Data from 1941 onwards. MT: Based on a sample survey with data until 2002. PL: Based on estimations ES: Based on primary residences (i.e. excluding secondary houses) SE: Data only from 1921 till 2005 36 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
Size Information on the size of non-residential buildings is helpful in understanding the impact of policy measures that are targeted at non-residential buildings with different floor area thresholds. Through the BPIE survey, data was available from 13 countries (AT, BG, CY, CZ, EE, IE, IT, LT, NL, SE, SI, SK, UK). The following five key building categories have been considered: Offices Educational buildings Hospitals Hotels and restaurants Retail buildings The analysis of the size of non-residential buildings is presented in Table 1B1, either as a percentage of the floor area or as a percentage of the number of buildings in that size band. Table 1B1 – Share of non-residential buildings size (%) Source: BPIE survey All types of consuming non-residential buildings number < 200 m 2 200 - 1000 m 2 > 1000 m 2 EE 10 50 40 SI 89.8 8.8 1.4 LT 42 55 3 CY 79 21 AT 11 52 37 NOTES The figures in the above tables are in % and add up to 100%. AT: Values based on registered certificates, accounting for 1007 data sets of non-residential buildings, most of which are office buildings. CY: Values refer to non-residential building permits issued from 2003-2009 (and % refers to 900 m 2 of surface area) SI: The data refer to all real estate units in non-residential use EE, LT: Values based on estimations by national experts From this table, it can be deduced that policy measures applied only to non-residential buildings over 1000 m 2 in floor area would miss a substantial portion of buildings in many countries, especially in educational buildings, hospitals and offices. Policy measures however applied to buildings over 200 m 2 (for instance in offices) would hit the majority of buildings in most countries. The largest non-residential buildings are typically hospitals, followed by educational buildings and sports facilities while in wholesale, retail, hotels and restaurants the distribution is more even across the different size bands. Table 1B1 is continued on next page Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 37
Page 1 and 2: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
Page 5 and 6: ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
Page 9 and 10: Space standards (expressed through
Page 11 and 12: Buildings vary remarkably in terms
Page 13 and 14: The absence of previous requirement
Page 15 and 16: It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18: In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22: The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 23 and 24: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 25 and 26: areas. These factors were defined f
Page 27 and 28: A. building typology From large com
Page 29 and 30: The floor space breakdown per count
Page 31 and 32: IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
Page 35: While the dataset of residential bu
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45 and 46: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 47 and 48: The performance of households depen
Page 49 and 50: Within the existing European stock,
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67 and 68: Although the certification schemes
Page 69 and 70: Number of countries with penalties
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78: Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80: egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82: LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84: Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86: iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88:
Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90:
Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92:
Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94:
Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96:
D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98:
Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100:
The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102:
Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104:
At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106:
New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108:
Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112:
projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114:
C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116:
An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118:
Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
Page 119 and 120:
Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124:
Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126:
• Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128:
• A reliable and continuous data
Page 129 and 130:
DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
Page 131 and 132:
U-Value: is the measure of the rate
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BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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