BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The division between the non-residential building categories varies significantly from country to country as seen in Figure 1A9. Offices and wholesale & retail trade buildings make up the largest component in most countries. Many countries have reported a large component in the category of ‘other’ buildings and this probably indicates that further effort is required in the future to separate this floor area into one or more of the other categories wherever possible. Figure 1A9 - Breakdown of non-residential floor space in selected countries Source: BPIE survey 1,40 1,20 1,00 Billion m 2 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 DE FR UK ES NL CH IT SE PL DK FI NO HU CZ RO BG SK LT SI LV EE Other types Wholesale & retail Sport facilities Hotels & restaurants Hospitals Educational Offices 34 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
While the dataset of residential buildings is fairly comprehensive, the non-residential stock is far less covered, as the sector is associated with higher uncertainty levels due to the difficulties in tracking the existing stock of all different non-residential types and developing an appropriate statistical database. Public buildings are in the limelight at the moment due to the policies requiring the public sector to lead by example where all new constructions in the sector are required to be of nearly zero energy standards by end of 2018 9 while a sectoral renovation rate of at least 3% is recommended 10 . The exercise carried out by BPIE has reinforced the need for collecting better data and urge a call for the establishment of guidelines and requirements under which Member States should gather more extensive and consistent data on the typology of their non-residential stock. B. Characteristics In addition to typology, buildings vary greatly in terms of age, size and location. The data collected through our survey has allowed us to draw up a picture of these characteristics. These are discussed in more detail below. Age Buildings across Europe are associated with different time periods dating even before the 1900s. Historical buildings certainly have a significant heritage value while construction techniques and building regulations such as building codes imposed at the design phase have a great influence on the energy performance of a building built in a specific period. In the residential sector, the age of a building is likely to be strongly linked to the level of energy use for the majority of buildings that have not undergone renovation to improve energy performance. The BPIE survey has classified buildings in different age bands (specific chronological periods) for each country. In order to allow some comparison between the age profiles of the residential building stock of different countries, the floor area data for each country has been consolidated into three representative age bands 11 : Old: typically representing buildings up to 1960 Modern: typically representing buildings from 1961 to 1990 Recent: typically representing buildings from 1991 to 2010 Figure 1B1 shows the share of residential floor space by age band. The specific energy use within these age bands is likely to differ between countries in different regions of Europe due to a number of political, economic and social factors. The average composition for each region has been estimated by summing the floor area by age band for all countries in the respective region where detailed data have been made available. The variations in the age profile between the three regions appear to be small where older buildings (before 1960) have the biggest share in the North & West region. In particular, the countries with the largest components of older buildings are the UK, Denmark, Sweden, France, Czech Republic and Bulgaria. It is also evident that all countries experienced a large boom in construction in the ‘modern’ period (1961-1990) and with a few exceptions, the housing stock more than doubled in this period. Significant country-by-country variations are also evident. The countries with the most recently constructed buildings (1990-2010) appear to be Ireland, Spain, Poland and Finland, while countries with the highest rate of construction in the ‘modern’ period (1961-1990) seem to be Estonia, Hungary, Latvia and Finland. 9 Based on the EPBD recast 10 Based on the ‘Energy Efficiency Plan’ 2011 11 A more detailed age breakdown was available in individual countries. When sorted at the regional level, it was possible to deduce the breakdown in the three age groups identified herein. Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 35
Page 1 and 2: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
Page 5 and 6: ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
Page 9 and 10: Space standards (expressed through
Page 11 and 12: Buildings vary remarkably in terms
Page 13 and 14: The absence of previous requirement
Page 15 and 16: It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18: In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22: The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 23 and 24: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 25 and 26: areas. These factors were defined f
Page 27 and 28: A. building typology From large com
Page 29 and 30: The floor space breakdown per count
Page 31 and 32: IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
Page 33: Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
Page 37 and 38: Size Information on the size of non
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45 and 46: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 47 and 48: The performance of households depen
Page 49 and 50: Within the existing European stock,
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67 and 68: Although the certification schemes
Page 69 and 70: Number of countries with penalties
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78: Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80: egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82: LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84: Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86:
iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88:
Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90:
Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92:
Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94:
Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96:
D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98:
Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100:
The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102:
Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104:
At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106:
New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108:
Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112:
projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114:
C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116:
An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118:
Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
Page 119 and 120:
Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124:
Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126:
• Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128:
• A reliable and continuous data
Page 129 and 130:
DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
Page 131 and 132:
U-Value: is the measure of the rate
show all

BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?