BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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Figure 1A7 – Range of new build rates in the residential sector (2005-2010) where SF and MF denote single family and multi-family houses, respectively. Source: BPIE survey 2,5% 2,0% 1,5% 1,0% 0,5% 0,0% LT LV SF NL MF SI FR LV MF PL UK SE MF RO BG SE SF BE In terms of growth, annual rates in the residential sector are around 1% as depicted in Figure 1A7 which shows the range of new build rates in the residential countries for a range of countries over the period between 2005 and 2010. Except The Netherlands (in the case of multi-family houses), all other countries experienced a decrease in the rate of new build in recent years, reflecting the impact of the current financial crisis in the construction sector. Notably, this impact seems to be more pronounced in countries in Central & Eastern Europe as is the case in Latvia, Romania and Poland. Non-residential buildings The diversity in terms of typology within the non-residential sector is vast. Compared to the residential sector, this sector is more complex and heterogeneous. It includes types such as offices, shops, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, supermarkets, schools, universities and sports centres while in some cases multiple functions exist in the same building. Moreover, differences from country to country are more pronounced, which in turn, makes the cross-country comparison of the definitions of various building categories more challenging. In our survey, we have considered the following broad categories: educational buildings, offices, hospitals, hotels and restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail trade services buildings and other types of energyconsuming buildings. In each of these categories, a broad division between various subcategories has been considered based on the list of Figure 1A8. Figure 1A8 reveals the split between these categories at the European level. The retail and wholesale buildings comprise the largest portion of the non-residential stock. These buildings are somewhat different from others as heating and cooling conditions may differ substantially from other categories due to large areas of wholesale buildings often being used only for storage purposes. In addition to this, differences are also pronounced within this sector where there is no homogeneity in terms of size, usage pattern (use hours) and construction style. This requires special attention when looking at the retail and wholesale sub-sectors. Office buildings are the second biggest category with a floor space corresponding to ¼ of the total nonresidential floor space. Offices have similar heating and cooling conditions to residential buildings although they are of shorter use. Similar usage pattern as offices are found with educational buildings which count for less than 20% of the entire non-residential floor space. Hospitals (7% of total non-residential floor space) have continuous usage patterns, where energy demand can vary substantially depending on the services provided (from consultation rooms to surgery rooms). 32 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
Figure 1A8 - The non-residential sector in Europe Source: BPIE survey Wholesale & retail 28% Detached shops, shopping centres, department stores, large and small retail, food and non food shops, bakeries, car sales and maintenance, hair dresser, laundry, service stations (in gas stations), fair and congress buildings and other wholesale and retail. O ffi c e s 23% Offices in private companies and offices in all state, municipal and other administrative buildings, postoffices. Educational 17% Primary and secondary schools, high schools and universities, research laboratories, professional training activities and others. Hotels & restaurants 11% Hotels, restaurants, pubs and cafés, canteens or cafeterias in businesses, catering and others. Hospitals 7% Public and private hospitals, medical care, homes for handicapped, day nursery and others. Sport facilities 4% Sport halls, swimming pools, gyms etc. Other 11% Warehousing, transportation and garage buildings, agricultural (farms, greenhouses) buildings, garden buildings. Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 33
Page 1 and 2: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
Page 5 and 6: ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
Page 9 and 10: Space standards (expressed through
Page 11 and 12: Buildings vary remarkably in terms
Page 13 and 14: The absence of previous requirement
Page 15 and 16: It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18: In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22: The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 23 and 24: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 25 and 26: areas. These factors were defined f
Page 27 and 28: A. building typology From large com
Page 29 and 30: The floor space breakdown per count
Page 31: IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
Page 35 and 36: While the dataset of residential bu
Page 37 and 38: Size Information on the size of non
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45 and 46: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 47 and 48: The performance of households depen
Page 49 and 50: Within the existing European stock,
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67 and 68: Although the certification schemes
Page 69 and 70: Number of countries with penalties
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78: Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80: egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82: LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84:
Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86:
iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88:
Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90:
Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92:
Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94:
Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96:
D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98:
Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100:
The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102:
Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104:
At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106:
New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108:
Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112:
projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114:
C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116:
An initially slow growth in the ann
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Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
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Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124:
Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126:
• Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128:
• A reliable and continuous data
Page 129 and 130:
DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
Page 131 and 132:
U-Value: is the measure of the rate
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