BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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Residential Buildings The residential stock is the biggest segment with an EU floor space of 75% of the building stock (Figure 1A5). Within the residential sector, different types of single family houses (e.g. detached, semi-detached and terraced houses) and apartment blocks are found. Apartment blocks may accommodate several households typically ranging from 2-15 units or in some cases holding more than 20-30 units (e.g. social housing units or high rise residential buildings). An analysis of this data indicates that, across the focus countries in this study, 64% of the residential building floor area is associated with single family houses and 36% with apartments. Figure 1A5 – Residential floor space for the countries covered in the study Source: BPIE survey Non Residential 25% Residential 75% Single family houses 64% Apartment blocks 36% The split between the two main types of residential properties varies significantly from country to country as shown in Figure 1A6. Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland could be said to hold more even portfolios with similar floor areas for single family houses and apartments. Greece, Ireland, Norway and the UK have the smallest proportion of floor area of apartments in the residential building stock, whilst Estonia, Latvia and Spain have the highest. In terms of floor space per capita, the Central & East countries are among the countries with the lowest residential space in terms of both single family houses and apartment blocks. North & West countries have the highest residential floor areas per capita compared to other regions. Countries in the South have the highest single family house floor space per capita which perhaps indicates the frequency of holiday houses in those countries. It is interesting to note that in all regions, the floor space standards in apartments are lower than in single family houses, a trend which perhaps reinforces the link between floor space and wealth conditions. 30 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI HU LU PT CY BE RO DE AT PL SE BG CZ CH LT ES EE LV Figure 1A6 – Single family and apartment buildings in Europe Source: BPIE survey / values for Luxembourg, Portugal, Cyprus and Belgium were estimated 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Single family houses Apartments North & South West Central & 41 m 2 East 26 m 2 North & West Central & South 36 m East 31 m 2 2 20 m 2 50 m 2 Apartment floor space per capita Single family house floor space per capita An apartment block in Europe A typical single family house in Europe Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 31
Page 1 and 2: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
Page 5 and 6: ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
Page 9 and 10: Space standards (expressed through
Page 11 and 12: Buildings vary remarkably in terms
Page 13 and 14: The absence of previous requirement
Page 15 and 16: It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18: In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22: The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 23 and 24: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 25 and 26: areas. These factors were defined f
Page 27 and 28: A. building typology From large com
Page 29: The floor space breakdown per count
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
Page 35 and 36: While the dataset of residential bu
Page 37 and 38: Size Information on the size of non
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45 and 46: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 47 and 48: The performance of households depen
Page 49 and 50: Within the existing European stock,
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67 and 68: Although the certification schemes
Page 69 and 70: Number of countries with penalties
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78: Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80: egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82:
LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84:
Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86:
iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88:
Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90:
Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92:
Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94:
Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96:
D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98:
Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100:
The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102:
Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104:
At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106:
New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108:
Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112:
projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114:
C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116:
An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118:
Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
Page 119 and 120:
Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124:
Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126:
• Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128:
• A reliable and continuous data
Page 129 and 130:
DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
Page 131 and 132:
U-Value: is the measure of the rate
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BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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