BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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For the analytical purposes of this study, European countries have been divided up based upon climatic, building typology and market similarities into three regions: • North & West • South • Central & East Each region consists of the countries shown in the Table and map of Figure 1A2. It should be noted that half of the total estimated floor space is located in the North & West region while the remaining 36% and 14% are contained in the South and Central & East regions, respectively. Figure 1A2 – Countries and regions considered herein with equivalent population and floor space figures Source: BPIE survey Floor space distribution Central & East 14% South 36% North & West 50% North & West AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, FI, FR, IE, LU, NL, NO, SE, UK Population: 281 mil. Central & East BG, CZ, EE, HU, LT, LV, PL, RO, SI, SK Population: 102 mil. South CY, GR, ES, IT, MT, PT Population: 129 mil. 28 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
The floor space breakdown per country is shown in Figure 1A3. The five largest countries (in terms of population: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK) account for approximately 65% of the total floor space. This comes as no surprise since the corresponding share of population in these countries is equal to 61% of the total. As explained above, the relationship between population and building floor area is in fact a complex one which is influenced by a range of factors including economic wealth, culture, climate, scale of commerce, increased demand for single occupancy housing and many others. Using the collected data, the floor space standards have been analysed by estimating the floor space per capita for each country. From this analysis, it appears that countries in the North & West region have higher total floor area per person than in the South and Central & East regions. Upon closer examination, the countries of Central & Eastern Europe tend to have lower space standards in terms of dwellings with a floor space of around 25 m 2 /person in comparison to the Northern and Southern European countries, which have space standards typically of around 40 m 2 /person. On the other hand, non-residential floor space per capita is nearly double in the North compared to other regions, which may suggest a link between non-residential floor space and economic wealth. The different approaches taken for defining and measuring floor area within this sector also have an impact on these numbers. Figure 1A3 – Floor space distribution per country Residential Non Residential Source: BPIE survey 5 4.5 4 Billion m 2 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 DE FR UK IT ES PL NL SE CH RO BE PT HU GR AT CZ DK NO FI BG SK IE LT SI LV CY EE LU MT Figure 1A4 - Floor space per capita in the three regions in m 2 Source: BPIE survey East North Central & Central & North South 25 39 42 8 15 9 Residential Non Residential Residential Non Residential Residential Non Residential Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 29
Page 1 and 2: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
Page 5 and 6: ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
Page 9 and 10: Space standards (expressed through
Page 11 and 12: Buildings vary remarkably in terms
Page 13 and 14: The absence of previous requirement
Page 15 and 16: It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18: In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22: The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 23 and 24: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 25 and 26: areas. These factors were defined f
Page 27: A. building typology From large com
Page 31 and 32: IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
Page 35 and 36: While the dataset of residential bu
Page 37 and 38: Size Information on the size of non
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45 and 46: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 47 and 48: The performance of households depen
Page 49 and 50: Within the existing European stock,
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67 and 68: Although the certification schemes
Page 69 and 70: Number of countries with penalties
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78: Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80:
egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82:
LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84:
Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86:
iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88:
Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90:
Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92:
Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94:
Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96:
D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98:
Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100:
The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102:
Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104:
At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106:
New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108:
Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112:
projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114:
C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116:
An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118:
Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
Page 119 and 120:
Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124:
Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126:
• Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128:
• A reliable and continuous data
Page 129 and 130:
DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
Page 131 and 132:
U-Value: is the measure of the rate
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