BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

More documents

Recommendations

Info

pArt 1 EuropE’s buildings todAy “For strong policy making at EU and Member State level it is key to establish an efficient monitoring system of the European building stock assuring good data availability and data quality.” 26 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
A. building typology From large commercial offices to terraced single family houses, buildings in Europe vary remarkably in terms of their function type. They can be broadly divided into residential and non-residential sectors where each sector alone consists of multiple types – e.g. in Germany there are 44 reported types 7 within the residential sector alone. For the countries covered by this study 8 , it is estimated that there are 25 billion m 2 of useful floor space, a figure that, it has been reported, is increasing at a rate of around 1% per year. To illustrate what this figure means in comparative terms, all EU buildings in terms of their gross floor space can be currently concentrated in a land area equivalent to that of Belgium (30,528 km 2 ). In comparison to China and the US, Europe has the highest ‘building density’ (building floor space over land area) followed by China and then US. Floor space trends can be linked to a number of factors such as wealth conditions, culture and land availability. These factors can explain the significant differences between Europe, US and China where floor space per capita are around 48, 81 and 26 m 2 , respectively. Within Europe, differences also exist from country to country. The general tendency is to seek larger floor spaces over time, especially under favourable economic conditions. With increasing trends in floor space, the energy demand associated with our buildings is also increasing, which in turn highlights the need for improving the energy efficiency of our current stock, especially that of older stock. Improving the energy efficiency of our buildings not only reduces energy consumption and subsequently energy bills but also improves the aesthetics of a building, increases the value of the asset and provides healthier conditions for the occupants. Figure 1A1 – Building gross floor space in the EU27, Switzerland and Norway Sources: Population figures: World Bank, Eurostat. Floor spaces: EU27 - BPIE survey 2011, US - Annual Energy Outlook 2011 with projections to 2035 (US Energy Information Administration), China - Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Facts & Trends (WBCSD) Building gross floor space in the EU27, Switzerland and Norway bE Population (2010) Land area (km 2 ) Building Floor Space EU27 501 million 4,324,782 24 billion m 2 US 309 million 9,826,675 25 billion m 2 China 1338 million 9,598,080 35 billion m 2 7 Based on extensive database for the German residential stock classified by construction year and building size published by IWU (Institut Wohnen und Umwelt - Institute of Housing and Environment). 8 Focus countries are: EU27, Norway and Switzerland. Based on estimations through the BPIE survey for which 92% of floor area was reported. The EU27 useful floor area is 24 billion m 2 . Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 27
Page 1 and 2: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
Page 5 and 6: ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
Page 9 and 10: Space standards (expressed through
Page 11 and 12: Buildings vary remarkably in terms
Page 13 and 14: The absence of previous requirement
Page 15 and 16: It is, however, not sufficient to o
Page 17 and 18: In all the scenarios, the estimated
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A vital picture of the
Page 21 and 22: The Challenge Many experts agree th
Page 23 and 24: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 25: areas. These factors were defined f
Page 29 and 30: The floor space breakdown per count
Page 31 and 32: IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
Page 35 and 36: While the dataset of residential bu
Page 37 and 38: Size Information on the size of non
Page 39 and 40: Ownership and tenure The ownership
Page 41 and 42: Data availability on the ownership
Page 43 and 44: C. Energy Performance It is widely
Page 45 and 46: Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
Page 47 and 48: The performance of households depen
Page 49 and 50: Within the existing European stock,
Page 51 and 52: In addition to the lack of sufficie
Page 53 and 54: Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
Page 55 and 56: A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
Page 57 and 58: years, while many businesses will n
Page 59 and 60: Lack of advice/information Even wit
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
Page 63 and 64: B. Regulatory and legislative frame
Page 65 and 66: At the moment all countries have im
Page 67 and 68: Although the certification schemes
Page 69 and 70: Number of countries with penalties
Page 71 and 72: IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
Page 73 and 74: Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
Page 75 and 76: LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
Page 77 and 78:
Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80:
egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82:
LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84:
Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86:
iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88:
Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90:
Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92:
Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94:
Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96:
D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98:
Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100:
The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102:
Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104:
At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106:
New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108:
Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112:
projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114:
C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116:
An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118:
Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
Page 119 and 120:
Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124:
Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126:
• Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128:
• A reliable and continuous data
Page 129 and 130:
DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
Page 131 and 132:
U-Value: is the measure of the rate
show all

BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?