BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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Energy performance requirement: minimum level of energy performance that is to be achieved to obtain a right or an advantage: e.g. right to build, lower interest rate, quality label [CEN standard - En 15217 “Energy performance of buildings – “methods for expressing energy performance and for the energy certification of buildings”] Energy service company (ESCO): a natural or legal person that delivers energy services and/or other energy efficiency improvement measures in a user’s facility or premises, and accepts some degree of financial risk in so doing. The payment for the services delivered is based (either wholly or in part) on the achievement of energy efficiency improvements and on the meeting of the other agreed performance criteria [ESD, 2006/32/EC] Final energy: Energy supplied that is available to the consumer to be converted into useful energy (e.g. electricity at the wall outlet). (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) Gross floor area: The total area of all the floors of a building, including intermediately floored tiers, mezzanine, basements, etc., as measured from the exterior surfaces of the outside walls of the building Heat pump: a device or installation that extracts heat at low temperature from air, water or earth and supplies the heat to the building [EPBD, 2002/91/EC] Internal gross area: A term used in the United Kingdom, defined in the RICS Standard, for the area of a building measured to the internal face of perimeter walls at each floor level Internal rate of return (IRR): A rate at which the accounting value of a security is equal to the present value of the future cash flow. [European Central Bank] Living floor space/area: total area of rooms falling under the concept of rooms [OECD Glossary of statistical terms] Nearly zero energy building: a building that has very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with Annex I of the EPBD recast. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby [EPBD recast, 2010/31/EC] Net floor area: A term used in the ISO standard to express the Interior Gross Area less the areas of all interior walls Net present value: The net present value (NPV) is a standard method for the financial assessment of long-term projects. It measures the excess or shortfall of cash flows, calculated at their present value at the start of the project Payback time: the length of time required to recover the cost of an investment Primary energy: Energy from renewable and non-renewable sources which has not undergone any conversion or transformation process Public building: building owned or occupied by any public body Regulated energy: energy used in the home for heating, cooling, hot water and lighting Residential building: A structure used primarily as a dwelling for one or more households. Residential buildings include single-family houses (detached houses, semi-detached houses, terraced houses (or alternatively row houses) and multi-family houses (or apartment blocks) which includes apartments/flats Third-party financing: a contractual arrangement involving a third party — in addition to the energy supplier and the beneficiary of the energy efficiency improvement measure — that provides the capital for that measure and charges the beneficiary a fee equivalent to a part of the energy savings achieved as a result of the energy efficiency improvement measure. That third party may or may not be an ESCO [ESD, 2006/32/EC] 130 | Europe’s buildings under the microscope
U-Value: is the measure of the rate of heat loss through a material. Thus in all aspects of home design one should strive for the lowest U-Values possible because the lower the U-value – the less heat that is needlessly escaping. The calculation of U-values can be rather complex - it is measured as the amount of heat lost through a one square meter of the material for every degree difference in temperature either side of the material. It is indicated in units of Watts per meter Squared per Degree Kelvin or W/m2 [Irish Energy Centre - Funded by the Government under the national Development Plan with programmes partly financed by the European Union.] Useful floor space/area: floor space of dwellings measured inside the outer walls, excluding cellars, nonhabitable attics and, in multi-dwelling houses, common areas [OECD Glossary of statistical terms]; White certificates: certificates issued by independent certifying bodies confirming the energy savings claims of market actors as a consequence of energy efficiency improvement measures [ESD, 2006/32/EC] Europe’s buildings under the microscope | 131
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Europe’s buildings under the micr
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Foreword Buildings are at the pivot
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ContentS FOREWORD Acknowledgements
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ExEcutivE summAry From the emotiona
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Space standards (expressed through
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Buildings vary remarkably in terms
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The absence of previous requirement
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It is, however, not sufficient to o
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In all the scenarios, the estimated
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Introduction A vital picture of the
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The Challenge Many experts agree th
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Europe’s buildings under the micr
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areas. These factors were defined f
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A. building typology From large com
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The floor space breakdown per count
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IE UK GR NO NL MT SI DK IT SK FR FI
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Figure 1A8 - The non-residential se
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While the dataset of residential bu
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Size Information on the size of non
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Ownership and tenure The ownership
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Data availability on the ownership
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C. Energy Performance It is widely
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Mtoe Figure 1C3 - Historical final
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The performance of households depen
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Within the existing European stock,
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In addition to the lack of sufficie
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Specific energy use (kWh/m 2 a) in
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A. Barriers & Challenges Improving
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years, while many businesses will n
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Lack of advice/information Even wit
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Figure 2A2 - Building owner’s dec
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B. Regulatory and legislative frame
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At the moment all countries have im
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Although the certification schemes
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Number of countries with penalties
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IE IT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
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Table 2B4 - Calculated impacts and
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LV NL NO PL PT SI SK SE UK The Mini
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Table 2B6 - Summary of building ene
Page 79 and 80: egulated energy and total energy re
Page 81 and 82: LT LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK Mi
Page 83 and 84: Prescriptive-based requirements for
Page 85 and 86: iii. Other requirements A number of
Page 87 and 88: Building code requirements for exis
Page 89 and 90: Enforcement and Compliance Building
Page 91 and 92: Financial programmes fall into the
Page 93 and 94: Table 2C2 - A summary of selected f
Page 95 and 96: D. Other Programmes The BPIE 2011 s
Page 97 and 98: Europe’s buildings under the micr
Page 99 and 100: The previous chapters so far have g
Page 101 and 102: Even when viewed purely in economic
Page 103 and 104: At the other end of the scale, reno
Page 105 and 106: New Member States from Central and
Page 107 and 108: Determining the practical limit for
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3B1 - Cost reductions for di
Page 111 and 112: projects to assess the viability of
Page 113 and 114: C. Setting the scene This section e
Page 115 and 116: An initially slow growth in the ann
Page 117 and 118: Scenario 4 - Two-stage renovation T
Page 119 and 120: Table 3C7 - Overall results to 2050
Page 121 and 122: Figure 3C3 below compares the prese
Page 123 and 124: Final remarks and policy recommenda
Page 125 and 126: • Finally, the EU should support
Page 127 and 128: • A reliable and continuous data
Page 129: DEFINITIONS Air-conditioning system
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BPIE: Europe's buildings under the microscope - PU Europe

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