Multiple benefits of renovation in buildings - PU Europe
Multiple benefits of renovation in buildings - PU Europe
Multiple benefits of renovation in buildings - PU Europe
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<strong>Multiple</strong> <strong>benefits</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>vest<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> energy<br />
efficient <strong>renovation</strong> <strong>of</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Table A.15 Expansion <strong>of</strong> renewable energy <strong>in</strong> EU27 from 2010-<br />
2020<br />
Technology<br />
Expected<br />
(MToe)<br />
expansion<br />
Cost <strong>of</strong> expansion - Low<br />
estimate (€/MWh)<br />
Wave and tidal 0.6 214 300<br />
Solar PV 5.5 140 248<br />
Solar thermal 1.6 132 163<br />
Offshore w<strong>in</strong>d 11.5 70 93<br />
Heat pumps 8.2 30 79<br />
Biomass electricity and<br />
heat<br />
39.7 39 62<br />
Onshore w<strong>in</strong>d 16.8 39 47<br />
Hydro 2.3 16 70<br />
Geothermal 0.4 31 47<br />
Sum 87<br />
Note:<br />
Sorted by highest cost <strong>of</strong> expansion<br />
Source: ECN (2011), Open Energy Info, http://en.openei.org/apps/TCDB/ ,and Pöyry (2008)<br />
Cost <strong>of</strong> expansion - High<br />
estimate (€/MWh)<br />
The implicit subsidies to the different technologies are calculated by subtract<strong>in</strong>g the expected<br />
price <strong>of</strong> electricity or heat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>put from the technology specific generation cost.<br />
We estimate that EU governments can reduced their outlay on subsidies to renewable<br />
energy deployment by €2-10 billion depend<strong>in</strong>g on the high or low cost estimates for renewable,<br />
cf. Table A.16. 63 The estimate is the same for both scenarios as the assumed high<br />
price <strong>of</strong> electricity <strong>in</strong> 2020 will render most renewable energy technologies pr<strong>of</strong>itable<br />
without government subsidies.<br />
63 We implicitly assume that Member States can coord<strong>in</strong>ate on postpon<strong>in</strong>g the most expensive technologies.<br />
60