Evaluation of the Australian Wage Subsidy Special Youth ...
Evaluation of the Australian Wage Subsidy Special Youth ... Evaluation of the Australian Wage Subsidy Special Youth ...
106 (-4.19) (-4.20) Longest job by 1984 none 0.042 0.042 (0.25) (0.25) < 1 year 0.190 0.190 (1.40) (1.42) 2 years 0.252 0.252 (1.56) (1.57) 3 years + 0.657** 0.657** (4.00) (4.01) Enter other govt prog -0.624** -0.623** (-4.74) (-4.90) Family background Other city before aged 14 -0.218 -0.217 (-1.61) (-1.65) Country town before aged 14 -0.001 -0.000 (-0.01) -0.00 Rural area before aged 14 -0.128 -0.127 (-0.65) (-0.66) Overseas before aged 14 0.494 0.494 (1.36) (1.37) Number of siblings -0.028 -0.028 (-1.49) (-1.51) English good 0.403 0.403 (1.91) (1.91) English poor 1.050** 1.050** (2.75) (2.75) Sexist -0.440* -0.440* (-2.35) (-2.35) Sexist*female 0.463 0.463 (1.25) (1.25) Fathers occupation when resp. 14 Father not present when resp 14 -0.180 -0.178 (-0.79) (-0.79) Labourer 0.134 0.135 (0.55) (0.56) Plant operative 0.058 0.059 (0.25) (0.26) Sales -0.049 -0.048 (-0.18) (-0.18) Tradesperson -0.214 -0.213 (-0.95) (-0.95) Manager/professional/para-professional 0.114 0.114 (0.52) (0.53) Not employed 0.146 0.147 (0.55) (0.56) Father holds post-school qualification 0.141 0.142 when resp 14 (1.26) (1.28) Mothers occupation when resp. 14 Mother not present when resp 14 -0.335 -0.335 (-1.33) (-1.34) Labourer -0.151 -0.150 (-0.64) (-0.64) Plant operative -0.576* -0.576* (-2.30) (-2.31) Sales -0.392 -0.391
107 (-1.80) (-1.80) Tradesperson -0.229 -0.229 (-0.70) (-0.70) Manager/professional/para-professional 0.217 .0217 (0.97) (0.97) Not employed -0.087 -0.087 (-0.49) (-0.49) Mother post-school qualification when -0.067 -0.067 resp 14 (-0.52) (-0.52) Religion brought up in Catholic 0.327* 0.327* (2.52) (2.56) Presbyterian 0.413 0.412 (1.88) (1.92) Methodist 0.133 0.133 (0.77) (0.77) Other Christian -0.102 -0.102 (-0.50) (-0.50) Other religion -0.045 -0.045 (-0.28) (-0.28) No religion 0.280 0.279 (1.58) (1.62) rho -0.622 -0.626 Observations 1283 1283 Log likelihood -875.96 -875.96 Wald chi 2 (degrees of freedom ) (118) 396.79 Akaike Information Criterion 67 1.55 Coefficient is reported with t statistic in brackets; * significant at 5%; ** significant at 1% NOTE 1: results Column 1 are from Table 4 and Table 5 pages 18-21 Richardson (1998). Base categories: European ethnic origin, state interviewed in 1984 NSW/ACT, government school, highest qualification year 10 at school, longest job by 1984 is 1 year, lived mostly in state capital city until respondent aged 14, English is first language, father clerical worker when respondent aged 14, mother clerical worker when respondent aged 14, and religion brought up in is Anglican. 67 AIC=(-2log likelihood + 2 P)/ N where N= number observations and P=number of parameters estimated.
- Page 71 and 72: 55 Award Conditions for employment
- Page 73 and 74: 57 Harris (2001) claims that during
- Page 75 and 76: 59 display boards listed details of
- Page 77 and 78: 61 restriction was used. If there w
- Page 79 and 80: 63 to the end of the 1980’s. An o
- Page 81 and 82: 65 for teens overall had risen, emp
- Page 83 and 84: 67 for Australia using data from th
- Page 85 and 86: 69 training, can provide a form of
- Page 87 and 88: 71 employer survey estimates were t
- Page 89 and 90: 73 provisions for SYETP and extende
- Page 91 and 92: 75 withdrawals occurred at similar
- Page 93 and 94: 77 Table 2.17 State usage of progra
- Page 95 and 96: 79 2.3.1 Stretton (1982, 1984) 53 S
- Page 97 and 98: 81 Stretton attributed the success
- Page 99 and 100: 83 included in the employment model
- Page 101 and 102: 85 completers. Their argument was t
- Page 103 and 104: 87 was an issue for the data. Unlik
- Page 105 and 106: 89 Table 2.21 Richardson (1998) Est
- Page 107 and 108: 91 2.3.5 General discussion Some ge
- Page 109 and 110: 93 Controlling for differences in i
- Page 111 and 112: 95 taken by a previous researcher a
- Page 113 and 114: 97 If employability is assumed to b
- Page 115 and 116: 99 suitability of the underlying as
- Page 117 and 118: 101 Heckman, Lalonde and Smith (199
- Page 119 and 120: 103 effect on employment relative t
- Page 121: 105 Table 3.1, Part A Employment eq
- Page 125 and 126: 109 duration of Pre-June 1984 unemp
- Page 127 and 128: 111 4: Study 2 Propensity score mat
- Page 129 and 130: 113 Propensity score matching provi
- Page 131 and 132: 115 4.2 Propensity score matching m
- Page 133 and 134: 117 covariates that influence the a
- Page 135 and 136: 119 (7) E(Y c | D=1) = E P(X) {E[Y
- Page 137 and 138: 121 For CIA to be plausible, a ‘r
- Page 139 and 140: 123 employment and programme partic
- Page 141 and 142: Highest qualification in 1984 (1.56
- Page 143 and 144: 127 4.6 Distribution of the propens
- Page 145 and 146: 129 Figure 4.3 Histograms of estima
- Page 147 and 148: 131 Table 4.5 Summary statistics fo
- Page 149 and 150: 133 Table 4.5, that the variance of
- Page 151 and 152: 135 Table 4.6 Matching results, Sin
- Page 153 and 154: 137 Table 6.3 using Swedish data wi
- Page 155 and 156: 139 matching is the ability to weed
- Page 157 and 158: 141 Table 4.7 Matching results, All
- Page 159 and 160: 143 the unobserved component. If th
- Page 161 and 162: 145 5: Study 3 Attrition and non-re
- Page 163 and 164: 147 occur by design, because the mi
- Page 165 and 166: 149 (1990) extended and improved th
- Page 167 and 168: 151 (10) A* = δ 0 + δ 1 x +δ 2 z
- Page 169 and 170: 153 again from September to Novembe
- Page 171 and 172: 155 5.5.2 Univariate examination of
106<br />
(-4.19) (-4.20)<br />
Longest job by 1984 none 0.042 0.042<br />
(0.25) (0.25)<br />
< 1 year 0.190 0.190<br />
(1.40) (1.42)<br />
2 years 0.252 0.252<br />
(1.56) (1.57)<br />
3 years + 0.657** 0.657**<br />
(4.00) (4.01)<br />
Enter o<strong>the</strong>r govt prog -0.624** -0.623**<br />
(-4.74) (-4.90)<br />
Family background<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r city before aged 14 -0.218 -0.217<br />
(-1.61) (-1.65)<br />
Country town before aged 14 -0.001 -0.000<br />
(-0.01) -0.00<br />
Rural area before aged 14 -0.128 -0.127<br />
(-0.65) (-0.66)<br />
Overseas before aged 14 0.494 0.494<br />
(1.36) (1.37)<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> siblings -0.028 -0.028<br />
(-1.49) (-1.51)<br />
English good 0.403 0.403<br />
(1.91) (1.91)<br />
English poor 1.050** 1.050**<br />
(2.75) (2.75)<br />
Sexist -0.440* -0.440*<br />
(-2.35) (-2.35)<br />
Sexist*female 0.463 0.463<br />
(1.25) (1.25)<br />
Fa<strong>the</strong>rs occupation when resp. 14<br />
Fa<strong>the</strong>r not present when resp 14 -0.180 -0.178<br />
(-0.79) (-0.79)<br />
Labourer 0.134 0.135<br />
(0.55) (0.56)<br />
Plant operative 0.058 0.059<br />
(0.25) (0.26)<br />
Sales -0.049 -0.048<br />
(-0.18) (-0.18)<br />
Tradesperson -0.214 -0.213<br />
(-0.95) (-0.95)<br />
Manager/pr<strong>of</strong>essional/para-pr<strong>of</strong>essional 0.114 0.114<br />
(0.52) (0.53)<br />
Not employed 0.146 0.147<br />
(0.55) (0.56)<br />
Fa<strong>the</strong>r holds post-school qualification 0.141 0.142<br />
when resp 14<br />
(1.26) (1.28)<br />
Mo<strong>the</strong>rs occupation when resp. 14<br />
Mo<strong>the</strong>r not present when resp 14 -0.335 -0.335<br />
(-1.33) (-1.34)<br />
Labourer -0.151 -0.150<br />
(-0.64) (-0.64)<br />
Plant operative -0.576* -0.576*<br />
(-2.30) (-2.31)<br />
Sales -0.392 -0.391