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Comparison with Competitive Systems Figure 9 shows the composition of current mainstream projection devices and Table 4 compares the performance of the various methods with the triple color method. DLP TM switches the double stable angle of micro-mirrors digitally to modulate the light path and reproduces tones according to changes in light. Since natural light is used as is, high light utilization efficiency can be expected. However, there is a strong relationship between mirror weight and the twisted hinge, restricting pixel size flexibility. It is estimated that the best pixel pitch that can currently be attained is from a few µm to 20+µm. Shifting to higher resolutions will require larger chip surface areas and is expected to cause deterioration of pixel yields and make mass production difficult. LCDs use transmissive light, so the optical configuration of the system is relatively simple. Even with a triple system, the device can easily be made compact and lightweight and low cost can be attained. On the other hand, since transmissive light section, the address lines, signal lines, and drive elements are all laid out on the same surface, an increase in the number of pixels will decrease the aperture ratio. Because in this system, resolution and light output generally have an inverse relationship, it is more appropriate for mobile and portable units than for ultra-high resolution and ultrahigh brightness. Figure 9: Structure of Each Projection Device D-ILA 0.9": 1,400,000 pixels DMD 1.1": 1,300,000 pixels LCD 1.3" or 1.8": 1,300,000 pixels Device • Liquid crystal polarized modulation • Analog gradation • Uses polarized light (PS composition is needed) • Ultra high density • Ultra high aperture ratio • Micro mirror angle modulation • Digital gradation • Uses natural light • Limited pixel pitch • High aperture ratio • Yield difficulty • Liquid crystal light modulation • Analog gradation • Uses polarized light (PS composition is needed) • Low density • Low aperture ratio Optical system • Reflective type • Quasi-shurilen separation • Close relationship between cone angle and device angle (More freedom of F value, High light efficiency ratio) • 3P composition • Middle light path length • Reflective type • PBS separation • Inverse relationship between cone angle and contrast (Telecen system, Limited F value, Phase compensation) • 3P/4P composition • Long light path length • Transmissive type • Polarization plate separation • Inverse relationship between light amount and temperature of polarization plate (Adoption of intake side PBS, Large device size) • 4P composition • Short light path length High Resolution Device size comparison for the same resolution The smaller the size, the higher the resolution D-ILA (operable limit) Single D-ILA made possible D-ILA can have both high resolution and high brightness High Brightness Available space for device’s light utilization The larger the size, the higher the brightness D-ILA (current model) DMD Single-panel color projection is possible S-D-ILA LCD LCD DMD D-ILA As mentioned above, because D-ILA TM has pixel densities and aperture ratios superior to other systems, it is possible to produce ultra-high light output and ultra-high resolution. Also, by using the high density characteristic, the size of the pixel chip can be reduced compared to other units at the same resolution. This means that this system is applicable to portable and mobile systems. The D-ILA TM system is considered ideal for the highresolution era of the 21st century. 8
Table 4: Performance Comparison for Different Systems Resolution Aperture ratio High pixel density High light output Light efficiency ratio Contrast ratio Ease of optical configuration Element cost (yield) D-ILA DLP LCD Excellent (1365 x 1024) Excellent (93%) Excellent (7 µm pitch) Excellent (10 klm or more possible) Good (Polarized light) Excellent (Vertical orientation) Good Good Good (1280 x 1024) Excellent (91%) Good (17 µm pitch) Excellent (10 klm or more realized) Excellent (Natural light) Good Good Fair Fair (1280 x 1024) Fair (65%) Fair (25 µm pitch) Good (larger pixels for higher output) Good (Polarized light) Fair Excellent (Transmissive type) Excellent The only methods to eliminate this are either ( i ) a complete inphase state or (ii) to use the sampling theorem shown in the figure and sample with a spatial frequency of at least double the input signal (display with resolution 2x or greater). The in-phase state means a display of 1:1 with the number of pixels for S-XGA input. Also, when displaying XGA input using the number of pixels for S-XGA, the edges are not displayed and the pixels are displayed 1:1. For this reason, many projectors have a function that allows the resizing mode to be switched off. On the other hand, when the resolution of the projector itself is lower than that of the input signals, it is impossible to display images without the generation of pseudo-signals. The pictures in Figure 11 show the stage of generation of pseudosignals depending on the resolution, using a circular zone chart — a typical pattern with various spatial frequencies. As can be seen from this reproduced image, it is not simply enough that the projector resolution be equal to or greater than the resolution of the input signals. Rather it must be sufficient to ensure that pseudo-signals are not generated when input signals are reproduced. Response speed Real time characteristic Development to single-panel projector Good Good Excellent Excellent Fair (Frame memory) Good (Surface sequence) Good Good Fair (Larger pixels) Figure 11: Specific Example of Pseudo-Signals (Example of moire due to circular zones) D-ILA TM Picture Reproduction Circular zone chart VGA S-VGA ➀ High-resolution Naturally, the larger the screen, the greater resolution is required. Current resolution requirements can generally be separated into that for computer displays centering on text and graphics on the one hand and video displays on the other. Even for computer displays, S-XGA level resolution can be supported adequately. At the workstation level, most requirements for U-XGA resolution can be handled. On the other hand, for video displays, although full support for 720p/1080i is hoped for with the future standardization of HDTV, this has not yet been commercialized. To respond to the need for high-resolution displays and display various types of signals from different multimedia applications, many projectors use a resizing technique with pixel density conversion. However, if the projector resolution is insufficient, the display image is compressed and information is lost Also, even if the resolution is greater than that of the input signals, resampling can generate pseudo-signals called fold-back distortion. Figure 10 shows this state. The spatial frequency of the input signal and side-band components generated with the sampling frequency which corresponds to the projector’s pixels are mixed in. This results in the generation of a pseudo-signal (shown with diagonal lines) that produces fold-back distortion when converted into low-band components. This appears as moire and jaggedness and causes drastic deterioration of the picture quality. Relative energy Figure 10: Pseudo-Signals due to Sampling Input signal band Fold-back distortion (pseudo-signal) Spatial frequency Side band Sampling frequency (number of pixels) State with Fold-Back Distortion Occurring Relative energy Input signal band Spatial frequency Side band Sampling frequency (number of pixels) State with Fold-Back Distortion Not Occurring XGA S-XGA Q-XGA Considering the variety of multimedia signal formats, it is obvious that higher and higher resolution will be needed to completely avoid the generation of pseudo-signals. The high-density configuration of D-ILA TM is ideal for this. ➁ High aperture ratio We have already mentioned how a high aperture ratio is good for high light output because it improves light efficiency and minimizes light absorption. It also has a major impact on the quality of reproduced pictures. For example, when the input signal is all white, if it is projected with a low aperture ratio, lattice stripe noise and extraneous pseudo-signals will be generated in the original picture. Therefore, the higher the aperture ratio, the fewer the artifacts so that the image reproduced will be smoother. The circular zone chart (discussed above) in Figure 12 shows how the aperture ratio affects the amount of fold-back distortion (pseudo-signal) that appears in the reproduced image. On the left, we can see the image condition when the aperture ratio is 90%, and on the right, we see the results when the aperture ratio is 65%. It is obvious that the higher the aperture ratio, the less fold-back distortion occurs. 1/2 fold-back distortion is significantly reduced, and there is almost no 1/4 distortion whatsoever at the high aperture ratio. The impact of fold-back distortion on the reproduced image also depends on the frequency of the band that the distortion is folded back to; the lower the band, the lower the picture quality. Here again, a device with a high aperture ratio that produces minimal 9
Page 1 and 2: PROFESSIONAL D-ILA “ PROJECTOR
Page 3 and 4: Preface Large-screen video is fast
Page 5 and 6: electrical conductive layer accordi
Page 7: esolution are determined directly b
Page 11 and 12: Reference Materials (Illumination &
Page 13 and 14: ➁ Polarization conversion element

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