Chapter 2: Graphs, Charts, and Tables--Describing Your Data

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62 CHAPTER 2 • GRAPHS, CHARTS, AND TABLES—DESCRIBING YOUR DATA TABLE 2.10 Salary Data for the Bach, Lombard, & Wilson Example Males: Females: Average Males: Average Females: Starting Percentage Starting Percentage Year Salaries with MBA Salaries with MBA 2000 $44,456 35 $41,789 18 2001 $47,286 39 $46,478 20 2002 $56,234 49 $53,854 22 2003 $57,890 40 $58,600 30 2004 $63,467 46 $59,070 25 2005 $61,090 32 $55,321 24 2006 $67,543 48 $64,506 26 Bar charts like the one in Figure 2.12 that display two or more variables are referred to as cluster bar charts. Suppose other data are available showing the percentage of new hires having MBA degrees by gender, as illustrated in Table 2.10. The cluster bar chart in Figure 2.13 presents FIGURE 2.13 Excel 2007 Output—Bar Chart of MBA Hire Data Excel 2007 Instructions: 1. Open file: Bach.xls. 2. Select data for chart. 3. On Insert tab, click Bar Chart, and then click Clustered Bar option. 4. Use the Layout tab of the Chart Tools to add titles and remove grid lines. 5. Use the Design tab of the Chart Tools to move the chart to a new worksheet. Minitab Instructions for Similar Results: (Create stacked columns for Percent Hired, Years, and Gender, See Tutorial.) 1. Open file: Bach.MTW. 2. Click on Graph > Bar Chart. 3. Under Bars represent, select Values from a table. 4. Under One column of values, select Cluster, click OK. 5. In Graph variables, enter Percent Hired column. 6. In Categorical variables for grouping (1-4 outer-most first), enter Year and Gender columns. 7. Click OK.
CHAPTER 2 • GRAPHS, CHARTS, AND TABLES—DESCRIBING YOUR DATA 63 FIGURE 2.14 Excel 2007 Output—Bar Chart of Average Starting Salaries by Degree Type Excel 2007 Instructions: 1. Open file: Bach.xls. 2. Select data for chart. 3. On Insert tab, click Column Chart, and then click Clustered Column option. 4. Use the Layout tab of the Chart Tools to add titles and remove grid lines. 5. Use the Design tab of the Chart Tools to move the chart to a new worksheet. Females with MBA degrees have higher average starting salaries than males with MBAs. Pie Chart A graph in the shape of a circle. The circle is divided into “slices” corresponding to the categories or classes to be displayed. The size of each slice is proportional to the magnitude of the displayed variable associated with each category or class. these data clearly. The chart shows that every year the percentage of new hires with MBA degrees was substantially higher for male hires than for female hires. What might this imply about the reason for the difference in starting salaries? After viewing the bar chart in Figure 2.13, the lead attorney had her staff look at the average starting salary for MBA and non-MBA graduates for the combined seven-year period, broken down by male and female employees. Figure 2.14 shows the bar chart for those data. Figure 2.14 shows an interesting result. Over the seven-year period, females actually had higher starting salaries than males for those with and without MBA degrees. Then how can Figure 2.12 be correct, when it shows that in almost every year the male average starting salary exceeded the female average starting salary? The answer lies in Figure 2.13, which shows that far more of the newly hired males had MBAs. Because MBAs tend to get substantially higher starting salaries, the overall male average salary was higher. In this case, the initial data looked like the electronics firm had been discriminating against females by paying lower starting salaries. After digging deeper, we see that females actually get the higher starting average salaries with and without MBA degrees. However, does this prove that the company is not discriminating in its hiring practices? Perhaps it purposefully hires fewer female MBAs or fewer females in general. More research is needed. Pie Charts Another graphical tool that can be used to transform data into information is the pie chart.
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Chapter 2: Graphs, Charts, and Tables--Describing Your Data

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