F&N Bulletin Vol 23 No 1b - United Nations University

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56 21. World Bank. Kenya poverty assessment. Nairobi: World Bank Africa Region, 1995. 22. Gibson RS. Principles of nutritional assessment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 23. Sehmi JK. National food composition tables and the planning of satisfactory diets in Kenya. Nairobi: Ministry of Health/National Public Laboratory Services, 1993. 24. Republic of Kenya. National plan of action for nutrition. Nairobi: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1994. 25. Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc. http://www.nap.edu/books/ A. M. Mwangi et al. 0309072794/html. Washington: National Academy Press, 2000. 26. Vorster HH, Bourne LT, Venter CS, Oosthuizen W. Contribution of nutrition to health transition in developing countries: a framework for research and intervention. Nutr Rev 1999;57:341–9. 27. Drewnowski A, Popkin BM. The nutrition transition: New trends in the global diet. Nutr Rev 1997;55:31–43. 28. Kennedy E, Reardon T. Shift to non-traditional grains in the diets of East and West Africa: role of women’s opportunity cost of time. Food Policy 1994;19:45–56. 29. Blair D. Street food vending and nutritional impact. In: Agriculture and human values. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999;16(3):321–3.
Iron and energy supplementation improves the physical work capacity of female college students S. K. Mann, Satinderjit Kaur, and Kiran Bains Abstract A nutritionally controlled study was conducted on two groups of 15 female college students aged 16 to 20 years, selected from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The girls were either anemic (hemoglobin 7.7 g/dl) but energy adequate (AEA), or anemic (hemoglobin 7.4 g/dl) and energy deficient (AED). The AEA group was given iron supplementation (60 mg iron/day) for 6 to 9 months along with 100 mg of ascorbic acid, and the AED group was given iron as well as energy supplementation for 3 months. There was a significant (p < .01) increase in weight, body mass index, mid-upperarm circumference, and body fat in the AED group after iron–energy supplementation. Hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, total iron-binding capacity, and unsaturated iron-binding capacity were below normal in both groups; however, after iron and iron–energy supplementation, there was a significant (p < .01) increase, and these indices were in the normal range. There was a significant (p < .01) increase in exercise time and maximum work load tolerance after iron and iron–energy supplementation. Combined energy and iron deficiency had a greater adverse effect on physical work capacity than energy or iron deficiency alone. Introduction Despite economic growth and an increase in food production, the energy gap continues to be the major nutritional disorder in India due to the population explosion. Adults can adapt to some extent to an The authors are affiliated with the Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Sciences, Punjab Agricultural University, in Punjab, India. Mention of the names of firms and commercial products does not imply endorsement by the United Nations University. energy deficit by decreasing body mass and energy expenditure related to physical activity. Under such circumstances, body energy stores, basal metabolic rate, and physical activity are reduced. Lean body mass and fat content are reduced in energy-deficient individuals [1]. Satyanarayana reported that VO 2max , maximal aerobic power per kilogram, and submaximal aerobic power per kilogram were significantly lower in undernourished than in well-nourished individuals [2]. Undernourished individuals had a higher heart rate when given a submaximal workload, indicating that their cardiopulmonary function was below par [3]. Restricted energy intake leads to a reduction in energy expenditure, which may appear in the form of decreased metabolic rate and limited work capacity [4]. The most important factor causing variation in energy expenditure is the physical activity pattern. Assessment of habitual physical activity must, therefore, be done to study the relationship of energy status and physical work capacity [5]. Anemia due to iron deficiency affects an estimated 2,170 million people worldwide, of whom 90% are in developing countries [6]. Iron-deficiency anemia is also a major nutritional problem for reproductive-aged women in India [7]. Iron deficiency appears to be due mainly to low dietary intake and poor absorption of iron from cereal-based vegetarian diets coupled with excessive body needs among women. Iron deficiency is potentially an important determinant of physical work capacity [8], and it is more important when combined with energy deficiency [9]. The functional consequences of anemia are of particular concern in women, in view of the high prevalence of anemia in this group. Iron supplementation helps to conserve energy and increases work output through improvement in body iron status [10, 11]. The present study was designed to determine the effect of iron and energy deficiency and supplementation on physical work capacity. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 23, no. 1 © 2002, The United Nations University. 57
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Contents Review articles Nuclear an
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Special Article Nuclear and isotopi
Page 5 and 6: Nuclear and isotopic techniques 5 T
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Page 9 and 10: Nuclear and isotopic techniques the
Page 11 and 12: Palm oil: A healthful and cost-effe
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Page 23 and 24: Introduction to three regional stud
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Page 31 and 32: Regional study of nutritional statu
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Discussion paper What care practice
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Letter to the Editor 109 iodized sa
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News and notes 2001 World Food Priz
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UNU Food and Nutrition Programme NU
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Note for contributors The editors o
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F&N Bulletin Vol 23 No 1b - United Nations University

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