F&N Bulletin Vol 23 No 1b - United Nations University

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46 E-S. Tee et al. TABLE 7. Prevalence of undernutrition among urban and rural primary schoolchildren Height-for-age Weight-for-age Weight-for-height Children n < –2 SD (%) n < –2 SD (%) n < –2 SD (%) Urban Boys 3,033 8.1 3,035 7.9 2,937 4.8 Girls 2,952 5.6 2,958 6.8 2,036 4.5 Both sexes 5,985 6.9 5,993 7.4 4,973 4.6 Rural a Boys 1,049 34.4 1,057 29.1 950 8.2 Girls 1,066 24.9 1,069 26.1 731 6.2 Both sexes 2,115 29.6 2,126 26.9 1,681 7.3 Rural and urban Boys 4,082 4.4 4,092 3.7 3,887 1.7 Girls 4,018 4.5 4,027 4.1 2,767 1.4 Both sexes 8,100 4.4 8,119 3.8 6,654 1.6 a. Data from World Health Organization [2]. schoolchildren (1.9%) [3] (table 8). The prevalence of overweight among rural boys and girls was approximately the same at 2.0%. On the other hand, the prevalence of overweight among urban boys was about twice that among urban girls. Conclusions The mean weights and heights of boys were greater than those of girls for the younger age groups (7 and 8 years). As the ages increased (9 and 10 years), the reverse was true and the girls were heavier and taller than the boys. The mean BMI was generally greater for boys in all age groups. Undernutrition, as determined by the prevalences of stunting, underweight, and wasting, was also more serious among the boys, particularly as measured by stunting and underweight. The prevalence of overweight was higher than that of wasting for both boys and girls in all age groups. Boys had a slightly higher prevalence of overweight TABLE 8. Prevalence of overweight among urban and rural schoolchildren Children n > 2 SD (%) Urban Boys 2,937 9.5 Girls 2,036 5.2 Both sexes 4,973 7.7 Rural a Boys 1,731 2.0 Girls 1,544 1.9 Both 3,275 1.9 Urban and rural Boys 4,668 4.8 Girls 3,580 2.7 Both sexes 8,248 4.1 a. Data from World Health Organization [2]. than girls; the difference was larger for the older children. Both undernutrition and overweight were more frequent among boys. The prevalence of undernutrition among the urban study subjects (less than 8%) was much less than that among rural primary schoolchildren. On the other hand, the prevalence of overweight (about 8%) was much greater than among rural children (about 2%). The factors responsible for this difference in nutrition between rural and urban children should be investigated to provide useful lessons for the prevention and control of overweight. The analysis of weight and height measurements in this study was complicated by the fact that the study subjects ranged from 7 to 10 years old, consisting of younger primary schoolchildren in the prepuberty age group. As is well known, the NCHS data in the Anthro program are not appropriate for analyzing children over 9 years of age. The results of investigations into the use of weight-for-height Z score and BMI-for-age for the determination of thinness and overweight have been discussed earlier. The analyses suggested that the use of cutoff points of less than the 5th percentile and equal to or greater than the 85th percentile for determining the prevalences of thinness and overweight, respectively, as recommended by WHO [2], may not be appropriate. These indicators appeared to have overestimated the prevalences by a magnitude of about two to three. To overcome the problem for overweight, the cutoff was set at at or above the 95th percentile, and the figures obtained are felt to be more realistic. The use of less than the 3rd percentile of the reference data for underweight would probably give prevalence data closer to those obtained by using the weight-for-height Z score. It is important to determine whether these findings of differences in prevalences of thinness and overweight using the two methods of analysis are observed for other communities. It may be necessary to change
Nutritional status of urban primary schoolchildren. 3 the cutoffs. Since investigators would be following the WHO guidelines [2] in reporting the prevalence of overweight among adolescents, these differences would have widespread implications for programs and policies. Acknowledgments 47 The study was conducted with a grant from the International Life Sciences Institute (Southeast Branch), Singapore. References 1. Must A, Dallal GE, Dietz WH. Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht 2 ) and triceps skinfold thickness. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:839–46. 2. World Health Organization. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Geneva: WHO, 1995. 3. Khor GL, Tee ES. Nutritional assessment of rural villages and estates in Peninsular Malaysia. II. Nutritional status of children aged 18 years and below. Malaysia J Nutr 1997;3:21–47.
Page 1 and 2: Contents Review articles Nuclear an
Page 3 and 4: Special Article Nuclear and isotopi
Page 5 and 6: Nuclear and isotopic techniques 5 T
Page 7 and 8: Nuclear and isotopic techniques 7 T
Page 9 and 10: Nuclear and isotopic techniques the
Page 11 and 12: Palm oil: A healthful and cost-effe
Page 13 and 14: Palm oil will be less absorbed and
Page 15 and 16: Palm oil oil at the present time is
Page 17 and 18: Palm oil crystal forms for the requ
Page 19 and 20: Palm oil myristic acid (14:0) is hi
Page 21 and 22: Palm oil 13. Kritchevsky D. Influen
Page 23 and 24: Introduction to three regional stud
Page 25 and 26: Nutritional status of urban primary
Page 31 and 32: Regional study of nutritional statu
Page 41 and 42: Regional study of nutritional statu
Page 45: Nutritional status of urban primary
Page 49 and 50: Street food vendors their consumers
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Page 53 and 54: Street food vendors Reardon [28] co
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Page 57 and 58: Iron and energy supplementation imp
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Page 63 and 64: Iron and energy supplementation 63
Page 65 and 66: Toward better compliance with iron-
Page 73 and 74: Development and validation of a sho
Page 83 and 84: Factors associated with successful
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Page 91 and 92: Difference in goiter rates Methods
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Iron-deficiency anemia in young wor
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Discussion paper What care practice
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Letter to the Editor 109 iodized sa
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News and notes 2001 World Food Priz
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UNU Food and Nutrition Programme NU
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Note for contributors The editors o
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F&N Bulletin Vol 23 No 1b - United Nations University

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