appendix b final 2008 biological surveys of los angeles and long ...

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4.0 Ichthyoplankton The numbers were adjusted to the number of each taxon per 100 m 2 (referred to in this report as weighted mean abundance) by multiplying the number of each taxa per 100 m 3 by the depth of water that the net sampled. It was estimated that the manta net sampled the upper 0.16 meters of the water column, the epibenthic net sampled the lower 0.70 meters of the water column, and the stepped oblique net sampled the rest of the water column (station water depth – [0.16 + 0.70]). For example, if there were 2.5 individuals of Taxon A per 100 m 3 in a stepped oblique sample that was collected in 12.2 meters water depth, the total density would equal 28.35 per 100 m 2 [2.5 times (12.2 minus 0.86)]. If this same density of fish was found in the neuston net there would be 0.4 per 100 m 2 (2.5 times 0.16). This process of weighting the strata allowed the three sample types from each station to be added together to generate an estimate of the number of eggs and larvae in the entire water. Diversity at each station was calculated as the number of taxa, Shannon-Weiner index, Margalef index, and dominance (see Section 3.2.4 for a description of these measures of diversity). The data on larval fishes collected by the three sampling methods during the three surveys were combined and compared among the nineteen stations using multivariate non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS). The analysis was completed by first transforming the data to the 4 th root to correct for the large-scale differences among densities, and then computing Bray- Curtis distances among each set of data. The Bray-Curtis distance is a commonly used measure of the degree of similarity between sets of data based on differences in species and their abundances (Clarke and Warwick 2001). The Bray-Curtis distances were then analyzed using MDS that optimizes the spatial differences into two-dimensions. The MDS analysis was completed using the PRIMER analysis package (Clarke and Gorley 2001). The relationship between larval fish composition and sediment grain size was investigated using the RELATE analysis procedure in the PRIMER statistical package (Clarke and Gorley 2001). The RELATE procedure computes a rank correlation between the rank order of Bray-Curtis distances among stations based on the biological data and the rank order based on the Euclidean distances among the stations based on the grain size data. 4.2.4 Method Comparison Study A comparison of larval species composition and abundance collected during the current study (referred to below as “three nets”) and the modified CalCOFI-type net deployment method was undertaken during Surveys 2 (April) and 3 (July). The objective of this special study was to determine if more recent and widely accepted sampling methods could produce comparable data and decrease the overall field and laboratory effort for future baseline surveys. During this special study the bongo nets were deployed at ten of nineteen ichthyoplankton stations (LA1, LA2, LA4, LA5, LA6, LB1, LB2, LB3, LB5, and LB6; Figure 4.2-1) to collect a sample throughout the entire water column following similar methods to those employed by CalCOFI. In general, the bongo nets were fished from the surface to the bottom and then back to the surface, with the nets collecting a similar volume of water at all depth strata. The deeper stations (depths between 40-50’) were selected for the comparison study because (1) these stations are relatively easy to sample (fewer deployment and retrieval cycles to filter a target volume) and (2) if there is stratification of the larvae, such as between the surface and bottom, differences are 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors 4–3 April 2010
4.0 Ichthyoplankton more likely to be evident at deeper stations compared to shallower stations. Post-collection handling and processing methods were identical to those described above. These additional samples were used to compare abundance and densities of ichthyoplankton between the different collection methods. After sample processing, analysis of the larval composition and density between the sample types, including manta surface tows, stepped-oblique tows, benthic tows, and CalCOFI-type (oblique tow only) was completed. 4.3 RESULTS Summaries of the abundance of fish eggs and larvae per 100 m 3 of water for each of the three techniques (net types) are presented in Tables 4.3-1 and 4.3-2; the data for each station, survey, and net type are presented in Appendix D. Eggs were approximately twice as abundant (#/100 m 3 ) in the neuston than in either the midwater or epibenthic layers when all station and survey data were combined (Table 4.3-1). The majority of the individual eggs (92.4%) were identified as “undeveloped”. A total of 71 different larval fish taxa were observed during this study (Table 4.3-2). The most abundant taxon was a complex of three goby species recorded as “CIQ gobies” (see Section 4.2.2), representing 44.6% of the total catch. The next most abundant larvae were combtooth blennies (Hypsoblennius spp.; 34.0%), bay gobies (Lepidogobius lepidus; 8.6%), and clingfishes (Gobiesocidae; 2.9%). The abundances of most larval taxa differed between the three depths sampled. For example, all the gobies (CIQ, bay, and yellowfin) were least abundant in the surface water while combtooth blennies were in lowest abundance in the epibenthic layer. Clingfishes were in highest abundance in the epibenthic samples while silversides (California grunion, jacksmelt, and topsmelt) were in highest abundance in the surface waters. When all station and survey data were combined, the total number of individuals/100 m 3 was similar for the midwater (139.2) and epibenthic (134.3) layers but much lower in the neuston (38.9). The weighted mean abundances (number of individuals/100 m 2 ) of eggs and larvae in the entire water column at each station are presented in Table 4.3-3. Harbor-wide, the abundance of fish eggs and larvae averaged 1,294 per 100 m 2 . On a per-station basis, the highest weighted mean abundance was observed at Station LA7 (4,381/100 m 2 ), followed by stations LB7 (2,726/100 m 2 ), LB6 (2,550/100 m 2 ), and LB12 (2,541/100 m 2 ) (Table 4.3-3). These high abundances were due to large number of either CIQ gobies or combtooth blennies. Station LA7 was dominated by CIQ gobies (almost 93%), while LB7 and LB12 were dominated by combtooth blennies (80% and 60%, respectively). The larval fish at station LB6 were composed of about 39% CIQ gobies and 25% combtooth blennies. The lowest mean abundances were observed at stations LA3 (257/100 m 2 ) and LA15 (316/100 m 2 ). The mean number of larval taxa per station over all surveys varied from a low of 12/100 m 2 at Station LA15 to a high of 34/100 m 2 at Station LA10. Shannon-Weiner diversity values varied from a low of 0.34 at Station LA7 to a high of 2.21 at Station LA1 (Table 4.3-3). The lowest Shannon-Wiener value was due to dominance by a single taxon (CIQ gobies). Margalef diversity values varied from a low of 1.49 at Station LA14 to a high of 3.91 at Station LA10 (Table 4.3-3). Stations with the highest Margalef values had the highest number of taxa. At the majority of the stations, the dominance values were either two or three (Table 4.3-3). This means that at most stations at least 75% of the total larvae collected at that station over the study belonged to only two or three taxa. Stations LA1 and LA3 had a value of four (4) while stations LA7 and LB7 had values of only one (1). The stations with the lowest dominance generally had low Shannon-Weiner values, with the larval abundance generally being dominated by CIQ gobies. 4–4 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors April 2010
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APPENDIX B FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SU
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FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF LO
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Table of Contents 3.4.3 Summary of
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Table of Contents 8.2.1 Aerial Phot
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Table of Contents Table 3.4-2. Tabl
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Table of Contents Table 8.3-3. Tabl
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Table of Contents Figure 6.2-1. Rip
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Table of Contents This page intenti
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Executive Summary otter trawls to s
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Executive Summary Van Veen) and ana
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Executive Summary which was collect
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1.0 Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION T
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1.0 Introduction 1.4 STUDY OBJECTIV
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1.0 Introduction Historical compari
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1.0 Introduction Figure 1.1-2. Map
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CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY
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2.0 Water Quality The CTD was deplo
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2.0 Water Quality Outer Harbor area
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2.0 Water Quality Table 2.2-1. Wate
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2.0 Water Quality Table 2.3-1. Wate
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Page 144: CHAPTER 6 RIPRAP BIOTA
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6.0 Riprap Biota diver collection m
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6.0 Riprap Biota relatively small b
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6.0 Riprap Biota sea cucumber (Para
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6.0 Riprap Biota polychaete worms.
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6.0 Riprap Biota Table 6.3-1. Mean
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6.0 Riprap Biota Figure 6.2-1. Ripr
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae 7.0 KELP AN
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae the laborat
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae sediment us
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Overall, ou
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae pose a sign
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Figure 7.2-
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CHAPTER 8 EELGRASS
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8.0 Eelgrass distribution of eelgra
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8.0 Eelgrass adjacent to most trans
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8.0 Eelgrass load on the plants was
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8.0 Eelgrass (Table 8.3-5), based o
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8.0 Eelgrass surveys. No eelgrass b
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8.0 Eelgrass Areas containing eelgr
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8.0 Eelgrass Seasonal patterns amon
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8.0 Eelgrass 2002) inferred that th
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8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-2. Spring 20
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8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-4. Fall 2008
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8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-12. Oceanic
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8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-2. Eelgrass
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8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-6. Spatial
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9.0 Birds 9.0 BIRDS 9.1 INTRODUCTIO
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9.0 Birds changes in species number
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9.0 Birds the Brown Pelican populat
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9.0 Birds 9.4.2.10 9.4.2.11 9.4.2.1
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9.0 Birds 9.5.1 Distribution and Ab
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9.0 Birds discussed in Section 9.4.
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9.0 Birds Angeles Harbor. The relat
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-1. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-3. Nest Numbers
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-2. Species Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-4. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.6-1. Historical C
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9.0 Birds 70 12000 60 10000 50 40 3
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9.0 Birds 3500 shallow water sandy
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9.0 Birds 40 35 30 riprap aerial Nu
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9.0 Birds Number Observed 3500 3000
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9.0 Birds Figure 9.5-1. Total numbe
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9.0 Birds Number of Individuals 400
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9.0 Birds 7000 Mean Number of Indiv
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CHAPTER 10 MARINE MAMMALS
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10.0 Marine Mammals Gray whales dif
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10.0 Marine Mammals This page inten
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11.0 References 11.0 REFERENCES Abb
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11.0 References Dennison, W.C. and
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11.0 References Jacques, D.L., C.S.
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11.0 References North, W.J. 1983. S
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APPENDIX A STATION LOCATIONS
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Appendix A Station Coordinates (NAD
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Appendix B (A) Temperature (°C), S
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APPENDIX C FISHES
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Appendix C Table C-1. Combined Fish
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Appendix C LA01 LA02 LA03 LA04 LA05
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Appendix C Table C-3. Otter Trawl C
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Appendix C Table C-5. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-7. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-8. Lampara Catch
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Appendix C Table C-10. Lampara Catc
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Appendix C Scientific Name Table C-
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Appendix C Table C-14. Beach Seine
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Appendix D Table D-1. Ichthyoplankt
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Appendix D fish eggs (undeveloped)
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Appendix D fish eggs unid. unidenti
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fish eggs unid. unidentified fish e
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Appendix D Eggs Oligocottus / Clino
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Appendix D Eggs Rhinogobiops nichol
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Eggs Liparis spp. snailf
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Table D-11. Ichthyoplank
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APPENDIX E INFAUNA
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Appendix E Taxon LA-1 LA-10 LA-11 L
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Appendix E Protothaca laciniata Tax
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Table E-4. Otter Trawl,
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Octopus sp. 1 Philine sp
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Appendix E This page intentionally
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Appendix F Table F-1. Total Abundan
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Appendix F LARR-1 LARR-2 LARR-3 LAR
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APPENDIX G KELP AND MACROALGAE
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Appendix G Date Survey Site Observe
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Appendix G Species T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-1 AVIAN ECOLO
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Appendix H Table H-1. Avian Ecologi
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Appendix H GUILD 8 - UPLAND BIRDS G
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-2 NUMBER OF I
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Appendix H Table H-2. December A 20
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Appendix H Table H-3. December B 20
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Appendix H Table H-4. January A 200
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Appendix H Table H-5. January B 200
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Appendix H Table H-6. February A 20
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Appendix H Table H-7. February B 20
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Appendix H Table H-8. March A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-9. March B 2008
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Appendix H Table H-10. April A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-11. May A 2008 S
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Appendix H Table H-13. July A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-15. August B 200
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Appendix H Table H-16. September A
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Appendix H Table H-17. September B
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Date ELEGANT TERN — OB
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APPENDIX I MARINE MAMMALS
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Appendix I Common Survey Station/ N
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Appendix I Common Name Survey Type
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Appendix I This page intentionally
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