appendix b final 2008 biological surveys of los angeles and long ...

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1.0 Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (Ports) comprise a harbor complex that occupies almost 11,000 acres (43 square kilometers [km²]) of land and water in western San Pedro Bay located in southern Los Angeles County (Figure 1.1-1). The Port of Los Angeles (POLA) is a department of the City of Los Angeles and is often referred to as the Los Angeles Harbor Department. Similarly, the Port of Long Beach (POLB) is governed by the City of Long Beach, with the City Charter creating the Long Beach Harbor Department to promote and develop the port. As part of their long-term stewardship of marine biological communities in San Pedro Bay and their scientific needs related to evaluation of potential effects from in-bay projects, the Ports have conducted periodic biological baseline studies to characterize marine communities over a range of representative habitats throughout the harbor complex. The most recent baseline biological study was conducted by MEC Analytical Systems, Inc (MEC) in 2000 (MEC 2002). The present Biological Study, conducted by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) is a continuation of this baseline series. 1.1 BACKGROUND Habitat conditions and marine biological communities in the harbor complex have been documented since the early 1950s. The first comprehensive surveys of biological and physical/chemical conditions in the harbors were conducted by the Harbors Environmental Project of the University of Southern California between 1971 and 1978 (HEP 1980) to document existing conditions and evaluate impacts associated with dredging and planned expansion of the Ports. Several separate studies that were conducted during the 1980s and 1990s had limited focus on one port or the other in support of separate development projects (e.g., MBC Applied Environmental Sciences [MBC] 1984 and 1999, MEC 1988). Since 2000, few major projects have occurred in the Ports that would have caused significant effects to marine habitats. However, as part of the Channel Deepening project conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) (USACE and LAHD 2000), some changes in benthic habitat condition may have occurred in the Port of Los Angeles as a result of fills along Berths 103-106 (China Shipping) and Pier 300, deepening of the main channel to -53 feet Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), creation of eelgrass habitat near Seaplane Lagoon, creation of the Pier 400 Submerged Material Storage Site, and extension of the Cabrillo Shallow Water Habitat. The specific goal of the present Biological Study was to provide an update of quantitative information on biological and associated physical/chemical conditions within representative marine habitats of the Ports. Results and conclusions from the study will provide the Ports, as well as resource and regulatory agencies, with quantitative information to assist in characterizing the overall health of marine habitats within the Ports. This information can and has been used to define the boundaries of Inner Harbor and Outer Harbor habitats, 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors 1–1 April 2010
1.0 Introduction classifications that have implications to the amount of mitigation required for port development projects that include fill of harbor waters. This report provides an updated inventory and assessment of the marine biological environment of the inner and outer Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors. Survey elements from this study are consistent with the most recent previous biological baseline study (MEC 2002), including the physical/chemical environment (water quality and sediment grain size), adult and juvenile fish, larval fish (ichthyoplankton), benthic invertebrates, attached organisms on breakwaters and other rocky riprap, kelp and macroalgae, eelgrass, birds, marine mammals, and non-indigenous species. Other survey elements included for the present study, but not conducted by MEC (2002) were a special study to compare benthic sampling gear (box corer versus Van Veen grab) and an ichthyoplankton methods comparison study. 1.2 REPORT ORGANIZATION This report is organized by technical area. Each of the nine technical sections (chapters) presents the methods and materials of the field, laboratory, and analytical efforts, a data summary, and a discussion of the results of the studies that were conducted. Figures and tables are provided at the end of each chapter. The Chapters are supported by technical appendices that present details of the data generated by the studies and the analyses that were conducted. 1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY SITE A detailed discussion of the Ports and of the historical changes that have taken place since the early 1800s is presented in the 2000 biological baseline study (MEC 2002). Development of the harbors has changed much of the historic shallow estuarine habitats into mainly deepwater habitats through a series of dredge-and-fill operations that deepened and widened channels to accommodate deep draft vessels and provided fill for additional land areas of terminal development (HEP 1980, USACE 1992). The current harbor complex consists of the Port of Los Angeles to the west and Port of Long Beach to the east (Figure 1.1-2) and is comprised of a wide variety of marine habitats. For example, just north of the breakwaters and channels, open water habitat leads to basins and slips in the middle and inner parts of the Ports. These habitats vary in size, length, width, and distance from the harbor entrance and generally have differences in physical characteristics including varying degrees of tidal circulation and exchange. Angel’s Gate between the San Pedro and Middle Breakwaters and Queen’s Gate between the Middle and Long Beach Breakwaters are the two primary points of tidal exchange between western San Pedro Bay and the harbors. Tidal exchange also occurs near the east end of the Long Beach Breakwater. In addition, some of the watershed inflows to the Ports include the Los Angeles River, which empties into San Pedro Bay northeast of Pier J in Long Beach Harbor, and the Dominguez Channel, which drains into the north end of Los Angeles Harbor close to the Consolidated Slip. Other freshwater input to the Ports includes the Terminal Island Treatment Plant (TITP), which discharges near Pier 400, and major storm drains in both harbors. 1–2 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors April 2010
Page 1 and 2: APPENDIX B FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SU
Page 4: FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF LO
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents 3.4.3 Summary of
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents 8.2.1 Aerial Phot
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Page 19 and 20: Executive Summary otter trawls to s
Page 21 and 22: Executive Summary Van Veen) and ana
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Page 34: CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Table
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Figur
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CHAPTER 4 ICHTHYOPLANKTON
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton studies (Horn a
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton more likely to
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton The results of
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-1. To
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-2. To
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-4. We
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-5. We
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-6. Se
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.5-1. Ar
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton LA05 LA14 2D St
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5.0 Benthic and Epibenthic Inverteb
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CHAPTER 6 RIPRAP BIOTA
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6.0 Riprap Biota diver collection m
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6.0 Riprap Biota relatively small b
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6.0 Riprap Biota sea cucumber (Para
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6.0 Riprap Biota polychaete worms.
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6.0 Riprap Biota Table 6.3-1. Mean
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6.0 Riprap Biota Figure 6.2-1. Ripr
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae 7.0 KELP AN
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae the laborat
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae sediment us
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Overall, ou
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae pose a sign
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Figure 7.2-
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CHAPTER 8 EELGRASS
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8.0 Eelgrass distribution of eelgra
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8.0 Eelgrass adjacent to most trans
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8.0 Eelgrass load on the plants was
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8.0 Eelgrass (Table 8.3-5), based o
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8.0 Eelgrass surveys. No eelgrass b
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8.0 Eelgrass Areas containing eelgr
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8.0 Eelgrass Seasonal patterns amon
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8.0 Eelgrass 2002) inferred that th
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8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-2. Spring 20
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8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-4. Fall 2008
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8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-12. Oceanic
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8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-2. Eelgrass
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8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-6. Spatial
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9.0 Birds 9.0 BIRDS 9.1 INTRODUCTIO
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9.0 Birds changes in species number
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9.0 Birds the Brown Pelican populat
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9.0 Birds 9.4.2.10 9.4.2.11 9.4.2.1
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9.0 Birds 9.5.1 Distribution and Ab
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9.0 Birds discussed in Section 9.4.
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9.0 Birds Angeles Harbor. The relat
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-1. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-3. Nest Numbers
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-2. Species Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-4. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.6-1. Historical C
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9.0 Birds 70 12000 60 10000 50 40 3
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9.0 Birds 3500 shallow water sandy
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9.0 Birds 40 35 30 riprap aerial Nu
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9.0 Birds Number Observed 3500 3000
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9.0 Birds Figure 9.5-1. Total numbe
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9.0 Birds Number of Individuals 400
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9.0 Birds 7000 Mean Number of Indiv
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CHAPTER 10 MARINE MAMMALS
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10.0 Marine Mammals Gray whales dif
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10.0 Marine Mammals This page inten
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11.0 References 11.0 REFERENCES Abb
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11.0 References Dennison, W.C. and
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11.0 References Jacques, D.L., C.S.
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11.0 References North, W.J. 1983. S
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APPENDIX A STATION LOCATIONS
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Appendix A Station Coordinates (NAD
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Appendix B (A) Temperature (°C), S
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APPENDIX C FISHES
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Appendix C Table C-1. Combined Fish
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Appendix C LA01 LA02 LA03 LA04 LA05
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Appendix C Table C-3. Otter Trawl C
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Appendix C Table C-5. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-7. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-8. Lampara Catch
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Appendix C Table C-10. Lampara Catc
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Appendix C Scientific Name Table C-
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Appendix C Table C-14. Beach Seine
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Appendix D Table D-1. Ichthyoplankt
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Appendix D fish eggs (undeveloped)
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Appendix D fish eggs unid. unidenti
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fish eggs unid. unidentified fish e
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Appendix D Eggs Oligocottus / Clino
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Appendix D Eggs Rhinogobiops nichol
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Eggs Liparis spp. snailf
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Table D-11. Ichthyoplank
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APPENDIX E INFAUNA
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Appendix E Taxon LA-1 LA-10 LA-11 L
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Appendix E Protothaca laciniata Tax
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Table E-4. Otter Trawl,
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Octopus sp. 1 Philine sp
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Appendix E This page intentionally
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Appendix F Table F-1. Total Abundan
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Appendix F LARR-1 LARR-2 LARR-3 LAR
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APPENDIX G KELP AND MACROALGAE
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Appendix G Date Survey Site Observe
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Appendix G Species T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-1 AVIAN ECOLO
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Appendix H Table H-1. Avian Ecologi
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Appendix H GUILD 8 - UPLAND BIRDS G
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-2 NUMBER OF I
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Appendix H Table H-2. December A 20
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Appendix H Table H-3. December B 20
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Appendix H Table H-4. January A 200
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Appendix H Table H-5. January B 200
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Appendix H Table H-6. February A 20
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Appendix H Table H-7. February B 20
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Appendix H Table H-8. March A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-9. March B 2008
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Appendix H Table H-10. April A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-11. May A 2008 S
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Appendix H Table H-13. July A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-15. August B 200
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Appendix H Table H-16. September A
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Appendix H Table H-17. September B
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Date ELEGANT TERN — OB
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APPENDIX I MARINE MAMMALS
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Appendix I Common Survey Station/ N
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Appendix I Common Name Survey Type
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Appendix I This page intentionally
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