appendix b final 2008 biological surveys of los angeles and long ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

10.0 Marine Mammals 10.0 MARINE MAMMALS 10.1 INTRODUCTION All marine mammals are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) of 1972, and some are also protected by the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. Marine mammals that are known to occur occasionally in waters of the Ports include pinnipeds (California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, and harbor seal, Phoca vitulina) and cetaceans (present study, MEC 2002, USACE and LAHD 1992). Cetaceans that have been observed in outer harbor locations in the Ports include the gray whale (Eshrichtius robustus), Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), and Pacific whitesided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) (USACE and LAHD 1992). None of these species breed in the Ports. 10.2 METHODOLOGY For the present (2008) surveys, observations of marine mammals were primarily made during bird surveys. However, marine mammal observations were also recorded on daily log sheets during all other survey tasks, including benthic and fish sampling efforts. Observations included species, number of individuals, location (or survey zone), and other relevant information (e.g., activity, habitat use, and gender as feasible to determine). 10.3 SPECIES COMPOSITION In 2008, California sea lions were the most commonly documented marine mammal species in the Ports and were generally observed on buoys and swimming throughout harbor waters (Table 10-1). California sea lions were observed more frequently in outer as compared to inner harbor stations. Harbor seals were observed in low numbers throughout the Ports, but occurred most frequently at outer harbor stations. A complete list of marine mammal species and their relative abundance is presented in Appendix I. California sea lions have a broad distribution from British Columbia south to Tres Marias Islands off Mexico (Hanan and Sisson 1992). This species breeds in June and early July from the Channel Islands south into Mexico. California sea lions feed on a variety of prey, including squid, octopus, and fish (anchovy, mackerel, herring, rockfish, hake, and salmon), and can occur throughout the Ports, swimming and feeding. Harbor seals range from Alaska to Cedros Island, Baja California (Hanan and Sisson 1992). These seals have been divided into three stocks, including a California group. Harbor seals are abundant along the entire California coast, typically occupying bays (including, harbors, and river mouths where they prey on epibenthic and benthic species (Ainley and Allen 1992). A variety of marine mammals use the nearshore waters outside the breakwaters. These include gray whales that spend summers in the Bering and Chukchi seas off Alaska, and migrate to feeding grounds in winter along the west coast of Baja California, Mexico (Lagomarsino 1992). 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors 10–1 April 2010
10.0 Marine Mammals Gray whales differ from other baleen whales, primarily in their feeding behavior. These whales are bottom feeders, taking up mouthfuls of sediment and then straining out water and mud through their baleen to capture benthic invertebrates. In San Pedro Channel areas toothed whales and particularly dolphins can be found in larger groups of up to a thousand or more (Leatherwood and Reeves 1983). Several species of dolphin and porpoise that are commonly found in coastal areas near Los Angeles include the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Risso’s dolphin (Grampus grisseus), Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), bottlenose dolphin, northern right whale dolphin (Lissodelphis borealis), and common dolphin, with the common dolphin the most abundant (Forney et al., 1995). Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.) occur from southern California to the tropics. In California, both coastal and offshore forms are found (Lagomarsino 1992). The coastal form inhabits shallow areas beyond the surfzone and is sometimes observed in bays and estuaries. This species is generally abundant, especially in southern California coastal waters. 10.4 HISTORICAL COMPARISONS Since most marine mammals were observed or sighted during other survey activities, it is difficult to compare historical levels among previous Port baseline and monitoring studies. It is likely that the diversity and abundance of marine mammals have not changed significantly between the baseline surveys. Some of the most commonly observed species, such as California sea lions and harbor seals, can be seen on channel markers (buoys), sleeping on boat swim steps (California sea lions), and hauled out on riprap rocks that line various locations throughout the harbors. 10–2 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors April 2010
Page 1 and 2:
APPENDIX B FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SU
Page 4:
FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF LO
Page 7 and 8:
Table of Contents 3.4.3 Summary of
Page 9 and 10:
Table of Contents 8.2.1 Aerial Phot
Page 11 and 12:
Table of Contents Table 3.4-2. Tabl
Page 13 and 14:
Table of Contents Table 8.3-3. Tabl
Page 15 and 16:
Table of Contents Figure 6.2-1. Rip
Page 17 and 18:
Table of Contents This page intenti
Page 19 and 20:
Executive Summary otter trawls to s
Page 21 and 22:
Executive Summary Van Veen) and ana
Page 23 and 24:
Executive Summary which was collect
Page 26 and 27:
1.0 Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION T
Page 28 and 29:
1.0 Introduction 1.4 STUDY OBJECTIV
Page 30 and 31:
1.0 Introduction Historical compari
Page 32 and 33:
1.0 Introduction Figure 1.1-2. Map
Page 34:
CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY
Page 37 and 38:
2.0 Water Quality The CTD was deplo
Page 39 and 40:
2.0 Water Quality Outer Harbor area
Page 41 and 42:
2.0 Water Quality Table 2.2-1. Wate
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
2.0 Water Quality Figure 2.2-1. Wat
Page 49 and 50:
2.0 Water Quality This page intenti
Page 52 and 53:
3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes 3.0 A
Page 54 and 55:
3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes speci
Page 56 and 57:
3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes and b
Page 58 and 59:
3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes sampl
Page 60 and 61:
3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes No si
Page 62 and 63:
3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes croak
Page 64 and 65:
3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes gobie
Page 66 and 67:
3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Table
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Figur
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92:
CHAPTER 4 ICHTHYOPLANKTON
Page 95 and 96:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton studies (Horn a
Page 97 and 98:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton more likely to
Page 99 and 100:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton The results of
Page 101 and 102:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-1. To
Page 103 and 104:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-2. To
Page 105 and 106:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-4. We
Page 107 and 108:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-5. We
Page 109 and 110:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-6. Se
Page 111 and 112:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.5-1. Ar
Page 113 and 114:
4.0 Ichthyoplankton LA05 LA14 2D St
Page 116 and 117:
5.0 Benthic and Epibenthic Inverteb
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144:
CHAPTER 6 RIPRAP BIOTA
Page 147 and 148:
6.0 Riprap Biota diver collection m
Page 149 and 150:
6.0 Riprap Biota relatively small b
Page 151 and 152:
6.0 Riprap Biota sea cucumber (Para
Page 153 and 154:
6.0 Riprap Biota polychaete worms.
Page 155 and 156:
6.0 Riprap Biota Table 6.3-1. Mean
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
6.0 Riprap Biota Figure 6.2-1. Ripr
Page 166 and 167:
7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae 7.0 KELP AN
Page 168 and 169:
7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae the laborat
Page 170 and 171:
7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae sediment us
Page 172 and 173:
7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Overall, ou
Page 174 and 175:
7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae pose a sign
Page 176 and 177:
7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Figure 7.2-
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182:
CHAPTER 8 EELGRASS
Page 185 and 186:
8.0 Eelgrass distribution of eelgra
Page 187 and 188:
8.0 Eelgrass adjacent to most trans
Page 189 and 190:
8.0 Eelgrass load on the plants was
Page 191 and 192:
8.0 Eelgrass (Table 8.3-5), based o
Page 193 and 194:
8.0 Eelgrass surveys. No eelgrass b
Page 195 and 196:
8.0 Eelgrass Areas containing eelgr
Page 197 and 198:
8.0 Eelgrass Seasonal patterns amon
Page 199 and 200:
8.0 Eelgrass 2002) inferred that th
Page 201 and 202:
8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-2. Spring 20
Page 203 and 204:
8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-4. Fall 2008
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210: 8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-12. Oceanic
Page 211 and 212: 8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-2. Eelgrass
Page 215 and 216: 8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-6. Spatial
Page 220 and 221: 9.0 Birds 9.0 BIRDS 9.1 INTRODUCTIO
Page 222 and 223: 9.0 Birds changes in species number
Page 224 and 225: 9.0 Birds the Brown Pelican populat
Page 226 and 227: 9.0 Birds 9.4.2.10 9.4.2.11 9.4.2.1
Page 228 and 229: 9.0 Birds 9.5.1 Distribution and Ab
Page 230 and 231: 9.0 Birds discussed in Section 9.4.
Page 232 and 233: 9.0 Birds Angeles Harbor. The relat
Page 234 and 235: 9.0 Birds Table 9.4-1. Percent Comp
Page 236 and 237: 9.0 Birds Table 9.4-3. Nest Numbers
Page 238 and 239: 9.0 Birds Table 9.5-2. Species Comp
Page 240 and 241: 9.0 Birds Table 9.5-4. Percent Comp
Page 242 and 243: 9.0 Birds Table 9.6-1. Historical C
Page 244 and 245: 9.0 Birds 70 12000 60 10000 50 40 3
Page 246 and 247: 9.0 Birds 3500 shallow water sandy
Page 248 and 249: 9.0 Birds 40 35 30 riprap aerial Nu
Page 250 and 251: 9.0 Birds Number Observed 3500 3000
Page 252 and 253: 9.0 Birds Figure 9.5-1. Total numbe
Page 254 and 255: 9.0 Birds Number of Individuals 400
Page 256 and 257: 9.0 Birds 7000 Mean Number of Indiv
Page 258: CHAPTER 10 MARINE MAMMALS
Page 263 and 264: 10.0 Marine Mammals This page inten
Page 266 and 267: 11.0 References 11.0 REFERENCES Abb
Page 268 and 269: 11.0 References Dennison, W.C. and
Page 270 and 271: 11.0 References Jacques, D.L., C.S.
Page 272 and 273: 11.0 References North, W.J. 1983. S
Page 274: APPENDIX A STATION LOCATIONS
Page 277 and 278: Appendix A Station Coordinates (NAD
Page 280 and 281: Appendix B (A) Temperature (°C), S
Page 310:
APPENDIX C FISHES
Page 313 and 314:
Appendix C Table C-1. Combined Fish
Page 315 and 316:
Appendix C LA01 LA02 LA03 LA04 LA05
Page 317 and 318:
Appendix C Table C-3. Otter Trawl C
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Appendix C Table C-5. Otter Trawl B
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Appendix C Table C-7. Otter Trawl B
Page 331 and 332:
Appendix C Table C-8. Lampara Catch
Page 333 and 334:
Appendix C Table C-10. Lampara Catc
Page 335 and 336:
Appendix C Scientific Name Table C-
Page 337 and 338:
Appendix C Table C-14. Beach Seine
Page 340 and 341:
Appendix D Table D-1. Ichthyoplankt
Page 342 and 343:
Appendix D fish eggs (undeveloped)
Page 344 and 345:
Appendix D fish eggs unid. unidenti
Page 346 and 347:
fish eggs unid. unidentified fish e
Page 348 and 349:
Appendix D Eggs Oligocottus / Clino
Page 350 and 351:
Appendix D Eggs Rhinogobiops nichol
Page 352 and 353:
Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
Page 354 and 355:
Appendix D Eggs Liparis spp. snailf
Page 356 and 357:
Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
Page 358 and 359:
Appendix D Table D-11. Ichthyoplank
Page 360:
APPENDIX E INFAUNA
Page 363 and 364:
Appendix E Taxon LA-1 LA-10 LA-11 L
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Appendix E Protothaca laciniata Tax
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
Page 381 and 382:
Appendix E Table E-4. Otter Trawl,
Page 383 and 384:
Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
Page 385 and 386:
Appendix E Octopus sp. 1 Philine sp
Page 387 and 388:
Appendix E This page intentionally
Page 390 and 391:
Appendix F Table F-1. Total Abundan
Page 392 and 393:
Appendix F LARR-1 LARR-2 LARR-3 LAR
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410:
APPENDIX G KELP AND MACROALGAE
Page 413 and 414:
Appendix G Date Survey Site Observe
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Appendix G Species T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T
Page 434 and 435:
Appendix H APPENDIX H-1 AVIAN ECOLO
Page 436 and 437:
Appendix H Table H-1. Avian Ecologi
Page 438 and 439:
Appendix H GUILD 8 - UPLAND BIRDS G
Page 440 and 441:
Appendix H APPENDIX H-2 NUMBER OF I
Page 442 and 443:
Appendix H Table H-2. December A 20
Page 444 and 445:
Appendix H Table H-3. December B 20
Page 446 and 447:
Appendix H Table H-4. January A 200
Page 448 and 449:
Appendix H Table H-5. January B 200
Page 450 and 451:
Appendix H Table H-6. February A 20
Page 452 and 453:
Appendix H Table H-7. February B 20
Page 454 and 455:
Appendix H Table H-8. March A 2008
Page 456 and 457:
Appendix H Table H-9. March B 2008
Page 458 and 459:
Appendix H Table H-10. April A 2008
Page 460 and 461:
Appendix H Table H-11. May A 2008 S
Page 462 and 463:
Appendix H Table H-13. July A 2008
Page 464 and 465:
Appendix H Table H-15. August B 200
Page 466 and 467:
Appendix H Table H-16. September A
Page 468 and 469:
Appendix H Table H-17. September B
Page 470 and 471:
Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
Page 472 and 473:
Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
Page 474 and 475:
Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
Page 476 and 477:
Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
Page 478 and 479:
Appendix H Date ELEGANT TERN — OB
Page 480:
APPENDIX I MARINE MAMMALS
Page 483 and 484:
Appendix I Common Survey Station/ N
Page 485 and 486:
Appendix I Common Name Survey Type
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493:
Appendix I This page intentionally
show all

appendix b final 2008 biological surveys of los angeles and long ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?