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9.0 Birds 9.4.2.10 9.4.2.11 9.4.2.12 9.4.2.13 California Least Tern California Least Terns (Least Terns) reportedly nested within the Ports as early as the late 1800s and have been observed within the harbor almost every year since monitoring studies began in 1973 (Keane Biological Consulting 2008). Least Terns have nested at Pier 400 since 1997 (Table 9.4-3). Nest numbers increased from approximately 565 during the 2000–2001 study to 1,332 in 2005, and then declined to 521 in 2008. The decrease in nest numbers is believed to be related to increases both in vegetation and predation at the Pier 400 nesting site (Keane Biological Consulting 2008). During the 2007–2008 surveys, Least Terns were only present in the Ports from May through July (Figure 9.4-1f), since they migrate south for the winter in September and do not return until April (Keane Biological Consulting 2008). The majority of Least Tern observations during 2007–2008 surveys were of individuals foraging or flying in the vicinity of their designated nesting site on Pier 400, although Least Terns also were observed foraging along the outer breakwater and open-water areas of the outer harbors (Zones 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23) and within inner harbor basin and channel areas (Zones 25 and 28) (Appendix H-2). Least Terns foraged most frequently in Zone 8 (just off the nesting site), Zone 6 (off Pier 300 where the greatest amounts of foraging were recorded during 2001-2003 and previous surveys) also in Zone 1, Cabrillo Beach. Both Zones 6 and 1 have substantial eelgrass and shallow water that have been shown in the past to support high levels of Least Tern foraging (Table H-22). Black Skimmer Black Skimmers were observed roosting on the sandy beach of Zone 2 (highest numbers were of 94 individuals during the January-B survey and 68 individuals during February-B survey), flying, or foraging in several areas of the outer harbors (Zones 2, 6, 13, 19 and 21) (Appendix H- 2). This species nested in the Los Angeles Harbor from 1998 through 2000 but have not nested at the Ports since then (Table 9.4-3). Burrowing Owl No Burrowing Owls were observed within the survey zones of the 2007–2008 study, although they were observed at the designated California Least Tern nesting site at Pier 400 California in both 2007 and 2008 (Keane Biological Consulting 2008). The nesting status of this species at the Ports is unknown. Loggerhead Shrike No Loggerhead Shrikes were observed during the 2007–2008 surveys. They were observed on four occasions in survey Zones 5, 25, and 26 during the 2000–2001 surveys (MEC 2002). The species has been reported as nesting in the Port area in previous years (ACOE 1984). 9.4.3 Rare Sightings Several bird species rarely observed in Los Angeles County were recorded during the current surveys. One American Oystercatcher was observed on September 26, 2008, resting on riprap in Zone 7 of outer Los Angeles Harbor. This species regularly occurs as far north as the west coast of Baja California, Mexico, and is a casual visitor along the Los Angeles County coast where it often hybridizes with the more common Black Oystercatcher (Garrett et al. 2006). This species also was noted on three occasions during the 2000–2001 surveys on the outer breakwater in Zone 15 (MEC 2002). Four Black Scoters, a type of diving duck, were observed during the current surveys, on December 28, 2007 (2 individuals), January (1 individual), and February 2008 (1 individual). All 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors 9–7 April 2010
9.0 Birds were observed in open-water habitats of Long Beach Harbor. The two observed on December 28 were in Zones 21 and 23; individuals observed on January 10 and February 16 were in Zone 23. Black Scoters are rare winter visitors to nearshore waters of Los Angeles County (Garrett et al. 2006). They usually occur in mixed flocks with the more common Surf Scoter. Six Brant (= Black Brant in MEC 2002) were observed on February 15, 2008, on open water in the outer Long Beach Harbor (Zone 10). Brant, a species of goose, is a common migrant offshore in Los Angeles County, but only occasionally observed foraging and resting in harbors and estuaries (Garrett et al. 2006). A Common Murre was observed on October 10, 2008, foraging in open water in the Pier J Basin of Long Beach Harbor (Zone 21). This species breeds along the Arctic and subarctic coasts south to central California and south to southern California when sea temperatures are cold (Ainley et al. 2002). This species is an irregular offshore visitor along the coast in Los Angeles County (Garrett et al. 2006). It was not observed during 2000–2001 surveys (MEC 2002). One Cattle Egret was observed on October 10, 2008, on riprap in Zone 12 of outer Long Beach Harbor. The Cattle Egret is an uncommon migrant and wintering species in Los Angeles County. They typically occur in agricultural areas and are rare along the coast (Garrett et al. 2006). One Merlin was observed on December 28, 2007, resting on riprap in Zone 13 of outer Long Beach Harbor. Merlin are uncommon winter visitors (Garrett et al. 2006). When sighted, they tend to be along the coastline and in harbors and estuaries, where they hunt small shorebirds. Parasitic Jaegers (single individuals) were recorded on six occasions, in December 2007, and in January, April, October, and November 2008. Four of the six sightings were in the outer Long Beach Harbor (Zone 11) and most were on open water; one was an aerial sighting. In southern California, this species is relatively common offshore (Garrett et al. 2006). One individual was observed during the 2000–2001 baseline study (MEC 2002). Two Thayer’s Gulls were observed on January 10, 2008, and November 7, 2008, resting on riprap in Zone 15 and in open water in Zone 23, respectively. This species is very uncommon along the Los Angeles County coast in winter (Garrett et al. 2006) and is typically found among large flocks of gulls along the coast, within harbors, and estuaries. It is very difficult to identify from similar-appearing, more common gull species. Several other species were relatively uncommon at the Ports, but may be common elsewhere in Los Angeles County. These included a few water-associated species (Blue-winged Teal, Green-winged Teal, Red-necked Phalarope) and several upland birds (Bullock’s Oriole, Eurasian Collared-Dove, Great-tailed Grackle, Turkey Vulture, and Western Meadowlark). The teal species are both much more common at freshwater lakes and reservoirs, and the phalarope is common offshore, but occasional in bays and estuaries (Garrett et al. 2006). The upland birds are all relatively common elsewhere in the county, but given the lack of habitat they are unusual at the Ports. 9.5 HABITAT UTILIZATION Previous studies have demonstrated that bird use generally is higher in zones with greater diversity of habitat types (HEP 1979, MEC 2002). However, bird densities may be greater in certain areas where birds congregate such as along the breakwater, Cabrillo Beach, and Fish Harbor (MEC 2002). With the exception of the 2000–2001 study, bird densities have not been reported in historical studies. For these reasons, bird abundance (count data) and species numbers are summarized in this section according to survey zones and habitats. 9–8 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors April 2010
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APPENDIX B FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SU
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FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF LO
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Table of Contents 3.4.3 Summary of
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Table of Contents 8.2.1 Aerial Phot
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Table of Contents Table 3.4-2. Tabl
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Table of Contents Table 8.3-3. Tabl
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Table of Contents Figure 6.2-1. Rip
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Table of Contents This page intenti
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Executive Summary otter trawls to s
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Executive Summary Van Veen) and ana
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Executive Summary which was collect
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1.0 Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION T
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1.0 Introduction 1.4 STUDY OBJECTIV
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1.0 Introduction Historical compari
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1.0 Introduction Figure 1.1-2. Map
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CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY
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2.0 Water Quality The CTD was deplo
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2.0 Water Quality Outer Harbor area
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2.0 Water Quality Table 2.2-1. Wate
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2.0 Water Quality Figure 2.2-1. Wat
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2.0 Water Quality This page intenti
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes 3.0 A
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes speci
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes and b
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes sampl
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes No si
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes croak
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes gobie
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Table
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Figur
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CHAPTER 4 ICHTHYOPLANKTON
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton studies (Horn a
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton more likely to
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton The results of
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-1. To
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-2. To
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-4. We
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-5. We
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-6. Se
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.5-1. Ar
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton LA05 LA14 2D St
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5.0 Benthic and Epibenthic Inverteb
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CHAPTER 6 RIPRAP BIOTA
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6.0 Riprap Biota diver collection m
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6.0 Riprap Biota relatively small b
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6.0 Riprap Biota sea cucumber (Para
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6.0 Riprap Biota polychaete worms.
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6.0 Riprap Biota Table 6.3-1. Mean
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6.0 Riprap Biota Figure 6.2-1. Ripr
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae 7.0 KELP AN
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae the laborat
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae sediment us
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Overall, ou
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae pose a sign
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Page 266 and 267: 11.0 References 11.0 REFERENCES Abb
Page 268 and 269: 11.0 References Dennison, W.C. and
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Page 274: APPENDIX A STATION LOCATIONS
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Appendix A Station Coordinates (NAD
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Appendix B (A) Temperature (°C), S
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APPENDIX C FISHES
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Appendix C Table C-1. Combined Fish
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Appendix C LA01 LA02 LA03 LA04 LA05
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Appendix C Table C-3. Otter Trawl C
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Appendix C Table C-5. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-7. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-8. Lampara Catch
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Appendix C Table C-10. Lampara Catc
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Appendix C Scientific Name Table C-
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Appendix C Table C-14. Beach Seine
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Appendix D Table D-1. Ichthyoplankt
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Appendix D fish eggs (undeveloped)
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Appendix D fish eggs unid. unidenti
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fish eggs unid. unidentified fish e
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Appendix D Eggs Oligocottus / Clino
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Appendix D Eggs Rhinogobiops nichol
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Eggs Liparis spp. snailf
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Table D-11. Ichthyoplank
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APPENDIX E INFAUNA
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Appendix E Taxon LA-1 LA-10 LA-11 L
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Appendix E Protothaca laciniata Tax
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Table E-4. Otter Trawl,
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Octopus sp. 1 Philine sp
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Appendix E This page intentionally
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Appendix F Table F-1. Total Abundan
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Appendix F LARR-1 LARR-2 LARR-3 LAR
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APPENDIX G KELP AND MACROALGAE
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Appendix G Date Survey Site Observe
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Appendix G Species T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-1 AVIAN ECOLO
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Appendix H Table H-1. Avian Ecologi
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Appendix H GUILD 8 - UPLAND BIRDS G
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-2 NUMBER OF I
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Appendix H Table H-2. December A 20
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Appendix H Table H-3. December B 20
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Appendix H Table H-4. January A 200
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Appendix H Table H-5. January B 200
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Appendix H Table H-6. February A 20
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Appendix H Table H-7. February B 20
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Appendix H Table H-8. March A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-9. March B 2008
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Appendix H Table H-10. April A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-11. May A 2008 S
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Appendix H Table H-13. July A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-15. August B 200
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Appendix H Table H-16. September A
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Appendix H Table H-17. September B
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Date ELEGANT TERN — OB
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APPENDIX I MARINE MAMMALS
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Appendix I Common Survey Station/ N
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Appendix I Common Name Survey Type
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Appendix I This page intentionally
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