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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae pose a significant economic problem as a fouling agent. Undaria is introduced primarily on boat hulls and in ballast water. Undaria was documented during the present study at all eight inner harbor sites and at 7 of 12 outer harbor locations. Undaria has also been reported at Port Hueneme, Santa Barbara Harbor, and Catalina Island (MEC 2002), and as far north as Monterey Bay and as far south as Ensenada, Mexico (Chapman 2005). It is believed by many scientists that a successful eradication is not possible due to its mode of reproduction, which involves the release of millions of motile spores that are readily spread locally through natural dispersion and to remote locales by shipping traffic. If this species becomes a major competitor in the kelp forest, commercial harvesting could represent a control option, similar to an approach used in France (Chapman 2005). In comparison to Sargassum and Undaria, the highly invasive green algae Caulerpa (NMFS 2008) was not detected or encountered in either Port, although surveys for this species were not comprehensive or targeted during the study. The Ports are required to conduct Caulerpa surveys prior to any dredging project, in accordance with established Caulerpa protocols (NMFS 2008) and have never detected Caulerpa during any of these surveys. Table 7.3-1. Relative Density of Kelp Beds Surveyed and Delineated (Percent of Total Area). February 2008 September 2008 Density % of total area Density % of total area Dense 12 % Dense 0 % Moderate 71.4 % Moderate 12 % Sparse 16.6 % Sparse 88 % 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors 7–9 April 2010
7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Table 7.4-1. Presence of Macroalgae and Plant Species on Diver Transects Within Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, April and October 2008 Combined. Transect Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Chondracanthus * X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Codium * X X X Colpomenia * X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Corallina * X X X X X X X X X Cystosiera X X Dictyopteris * X Dictyota/Pachydicton * X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ectocarpoid fuzz X X X X X X X X X Egregia * X X X X X X X X Enteromorpha * X Gymnogongrus * X Halymenia * X X X X X X X Leathesia X Macrocystis * X X X X X X X X X X X Prionitis * X Rhodymenia * X X X X Sargassum * X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ulva * X X X X X X X X X X X X X Undaria * X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Unidentified brown alga X Unidentified red alga X Zostera marina X X X Total Dominant Groups 4 9 5 8 6 8 5 9 7 11 8 9 8 4 11 10 10 7 7 10 2000 Baseline Total Dominant 5 11 11 8 3 9 2 6 6 4 3 4 2 7 7 8 3 1 1 3 Groups (MEC 2002) * = Observed during 2000 baseline study (MEC 2002). Shaded transects represent outer harbor locations. 7–10 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors April 2010
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APPENDIX B FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SU
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FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF LO
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Table of Contents 3.4.3 Summary of
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Table of Contents 8.2.1 Aerial Phot
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Table of Contents Table 3.4-2. Tabl
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Table of Contents Table 8.3-3. Tabl
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Table of Contents Figure 6.2-1. Rip
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Table of Contents This page intenti
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Executive Summary otter trawls to s
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Executive Summary Van Veen) and ana
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Executive Summary which was collect
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1.0 Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION T
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1.0 Introduction 1.4 STUDY OBJECTIV
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1.0 Introduction Historical compari
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1.0 Introduction Figure 1.1-2. Map
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CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY
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2.0 Water Quality The CTD was deplo
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2.0 Water Quality Outer Harbor area
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2.0 Water Quality Table 2.2-1. Wate
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2.0 Water Quality Figure 2.2-1. Wat
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2.0 Water Quality This page intenti
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes 3.0 A
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes speci
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes and b
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes sampl
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes No si
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes croak
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes gobie
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Table
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Figur
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CHAPTER 4 ICHTHYOPLANKTON
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton studies (Horn a
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton more likely to
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton The results of
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-1. To
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-2. To
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-4. We
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-5. We
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-6. Se
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.5-1. Ar
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton LA05 LA14 2D St
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5.0 Benthic and Epibenthic Inverteb
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Page 124 and 125: 5.0 Benthic and Epibenthic Inverteb
Page 144: CHAPTER 6 RIPRAP BIOTA
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Page 151 and 152: 6.0 Riprap Biota sea cucumber (Para
Page 153 and 154: 6.0 Riprap Biota polychaete worms.
Page 155 and 156: 6.0 Riprap Biota Table 6.3-1. Mean
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Page 166 and 167: 7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae 7.0 KELP AN
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Page 182: CHAPTER 8 EELGRASS
Page 185 and 186: 8.0 Eelgrass distribution of eelgra
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Page 197 and 198: 8.0 Eelgrass Seasonal patterns amon
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Page 203 and 204: 8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-4. Fall 2008
Page 209 and 210: 8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-12. Oceanic
Page 211 and 212: 8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-2. Eelgrass
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Page 220 and 221: 9.0 Birds 9.0 BIRDS 9.1 INTRODUCTIO
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9.0 Birds the Brown Pelican populat
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9.0 Birds 9.4.2.10 9.4.2.11 9.4.2.1
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9.0 Birds 9.5.1 Distribution and Ab
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9.0 Birds discussed in Section 9.4.
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9.0 Birds Angeles Harbor. The relat
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-1. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-3. Nest Numbers
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-2. Species Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-4. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.6-1. Historical C
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9.0 Birds 70 12000 60 10000 50 40 3
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9.0 Birds 3500 shallow water sandy
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9.0 Birds 40 35 30 riprap aerial Nu
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9.0 Birds Number Observed 3500 3000
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9.0 Birds Figure 9.5-1. Total numbe
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9.0 Birds Number of Individuals 400
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9.0 Birds 7000 Mean Number of Indiv
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CHAPTER 10 MARINE MAMMALS
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10.0 Marine Mammals Gray whales dif
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10.0 Marine Mammals This page inten
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11.0 References 11.0 REFERENCES Abb
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11.0 References Dennison, W.C. and
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11.0 References Jacques, D.L., C.S.
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11.0 References North, W.J. 1983. S
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APPENDIX A STATION LOCATIONS
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Appendix A Station Coordinates (NAD
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Appendix B (A) Temperature (°C), S
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APPENDIX C FISHES
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Appendix C Table C-1. Combined Fish
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Appendix C LA01 LA02 LA03 LA04 LA05
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Appendix C Table C-3. Otter Trawl C
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Appendix C Table C-5. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-7. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-8. Lampara Catch
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Appendix C Table C-10. Lampara Catc
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Appendix C Scientific Name Table C-
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Appendix C Table C-14. Beach Seine
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Appendix D Table D-1. Ichthyoplankt
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Appendix D fish eggs (undeveloped)
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Appendix D fish eggs unid. unidenti
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fish eggs unid. unidentified fish e
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Appendix D Eggs Oligocottus / Clino
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Appendix D Eggs Rhinogobiops nichol
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Eggs Liparis spp. snailf
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Table D-11. Ichthyoplank
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APPENDIX E INFAUNA
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Appendix E Taxon LA-1 LA-10 LA-11 L
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Appendix E Protothaca laciniata Tax
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Table E-4. Otter Trawl,
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Octopus sp. 1 Philine sp
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Appendix E This page intentionally
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Appendix F Table F-1. Total Abundan
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Appendix F LARR-1 LARR-2 LARR-3 LAR
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APPENDIX G KELP AND MACROALGAE
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Appendix G Date Survey Site Observe
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Appendix G Species T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-1 AVIAN ECOLO
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Appendix H Table H-1. Avian Ecologi
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Appendix H GUILD 8 - UPLAND BIRDS G
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-2 NUMBER OF I
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Appendix H Table H-2. December A 20
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Appendix H Table H-3. December B 20
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Appendix H Table H-4. January A 200
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Appendix H Table H-5. January B 200
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Appendix H Table H-6. February A 20
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Appendix H Table H-7. February B 20
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Appendix H Table H-8. March A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-9. March B 2008
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Appendix H Table H-10. April A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-11. May A 2008 S
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Appendix H Table H-13. July A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-15. August B 200
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Appendix H Table H-16. September A
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Appendix H Table H-17. September B
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Date ELEGANT TERN — OB
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APPENDIX I MARINE MAMMALS
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Appendix I Common Survey Station/ N
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Appendix I Common Name Survey Type
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Appendix I This page intentionally
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