appendix b final 2008 biological surveys of los angeles and long ...

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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae 7.0 KELP AND MACROALGAE 7.1 INTRODUCTION Macroalgal species comprise a wide variety of brown, green, and red algae (including coralline algae). Beds of the macroalga Macrocystis pyrifera (“giant kelp”) represent one of the most diverse, productive, and dynamic ecosystems in southern California (Mann 1973, Dayton 1985, Barnes and Hughes 1988, Graham 2004): over 200 species of algae, invertebrates, fishes, and mammals are known to inhabit kelp beds (North 1971, Foster and Schiel 1985). Kelp plants can reach 25 meters in length, and a dense stand of such plants is known as a kelp forest. Kelp forests dominate shallow (
7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae site specific diver transects completed in winter and summer 2008. The occurrence of invasive (“exotic”) species such as Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida was also assessed. 7.2 METHODOLOGY 7.2.1 Aerial Photography Los Angeles and Long Beach harbor areas were photographed on February 15 and September 9, 2008, at a scale of 1:1600 by Focal Flight (Ojai, CA). Two cameras were used simultaneously, one configured for natural color and one for near infrared (IR). Aerial imagery was timed to coincide with the maximum low tide, optimum (high) sun angle, and low wind conditions to optimize photographic resolution and feature interpretation. Images were processed and geo-rectified to create a single mosaic of the entire survey area. A base image was created from mosaics to evaluate the spatial extend of kelp and other macroalgae (the same imagery was used to delineate eelgrass communities, see Chapter 8). Aerial imagery was geo-rectified using 2005 orthographic images of the Ports to match shoreline features and delineate the boundaries of the kelp and macroalgae surface canopy. The boundaries of the kelp and macroalgae surface canopy were identified and mapped from the mosaic in an Arc Map® Geographic Information System (GIS) format. Kelp canopy extent, health, and dominant species within the project area were ground-truthed along the perimeter of the surface canopies using a small vessel (13 ft. Boston Whaler) and positional data collected using a Trimble® dips with an accuracy of ± 1 m. Kelp canopy boundary data overlaid with IR aerial imagery were utilized to develop final maps and calculate area estimates for kelp and macroalgae surface canopy. 7.2.2 Diver Surveys To provide a characterization of macroalgae species composition and vertical distribution, 20 transects (Figure 7.2-1) were surveyed by divers in winter and summer 2008, based on locations established during the 2000 baseline study (MEC 2002). Surveys were performed by SCUBA divers using a modified belt transect methodology. Transect endpoints were recorded using a handheld GPS unit and locations provided in Appendix A. Two divers swam from the waterline (the edge of the rock dike structures, known as riprap, that form most of the shoreline of the Ports) to the harbor floor following a fiberglass measuring tape. The divers recorded dominant macroalgae species (presence/absence data) that occurred within one meter on either side of the measuring tape. Thus, total species noted for each transect represents the total number of dominant species, not an exhaustive list of all species present. This approach is consistent with the methods used for the 2000 baseline study (MEC 2002). Each transect ended at the point where algae was no longer found and the probability of encountering further algae on lower portions of the transect was low, typically at the riprap/mud interface. Dominant macrofauna were noted but not systematically quantified. Observed algae were generally recorded by genus because either multiple species were observed within a genus or because identification to species level was not possible during the surveys for some specimens, instead requiring additional examination on the survey vessel or in 7–2 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors April 2010
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APPENDIX B FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SU
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FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF LO
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Table of Contents 3.4.3 Summary of
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Table of Contents 8.2.1 Aerial Phot
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Table of Contents Table 3.4-2. Tabl
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Table of Contents Table 8.3-3. Tabl
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Table of Contents Figure 6.2-1. Rip
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Table of Contents This page intenti
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Executive Summary otter trawls to s
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Executive Summary Van Veen) and ana
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Executive Summary which was collect
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1.0 Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION T
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1.0 Introduction 1.4 STUDY OBJECTIV
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1.0 Introduction Historical compari
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1.0 Introduction Figure 1.1-2. Map
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CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY
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2.0 Water Quality The CTD was deplo
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2.0 Water Quality Outer Harbor area
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2.0 Water Quality Table 2.2-1. Wate
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2.0 Water Quality Figure 2.2-1. Wat
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2.0 Water Quality This page intenti
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes 3.0 A
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes speci
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes and b
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes sampl
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes No si
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes croak
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes gobie
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Table
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Figur
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CHAPTER 4 ICHTHYOPLANKTON
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton studies (Horn a
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton more likely to
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton The results of
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-1. To
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-2. To
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-4. We
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-5. We
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.3-6. Se
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton Table 4.5-1. Ar
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4.0 Ichthyoplankton LA05 LA14 2D St
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8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-6. Spatial
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8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-8. Eelgrass
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9.0 Birds 9.0 BIRDS 9.1 INTRODUCTIO
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9.0 Birds changes in species number
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9.0 Birds the Brown Pelican populat
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9.0 Birds 9.4.2.10 9.4.2.11 9.4.2.1
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9.0 Birds 9.5.1 Distribution and Ab
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9.0 Birds discussed in Section 9.4.
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9.0 Birds Angeles Harbor. The relat
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-1. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-3. Nest Numbers
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-2. Species Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-4. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.6-1. Historical C
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9.0 Birds 70 12000 60 10000 50 40 3
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9.0 Birds 3500 shallow water sandy
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9.0 Birds 40 35 30 riprap aerial Nu
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9.0 Birds Number Observed 3500 3000
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9.0 Birds Figure 9.5-1. Total numbe
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9.0 Birds Number of Individuals 400
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9.0 Birds 7000 Mean Number of Indiv
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CHAPTER 10 MARINE MAMMALS
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10.0 Marine Mammals Gray whales dif
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10.0 Marine Mammals This page inten
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11.0 References 11.0 REFERENCES Abb
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11.0 References Dennison, W.C. and
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11.0 References Jacques, D.L., C.S.
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11.0 References North, W.J. 1983. S
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APPENDIX A STATION LOCATIONS
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Appendix A Station Coordinates (NAD
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Appendix B (A) Temperature (°C), S
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APPENDIX C FISHES
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Appendix C Table C-1. Combined Fish
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Appendix C LA01 LA02 LA03 LA04 LA05
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Appendix C Table C-3. Otter Trawl C
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Appendix C Table C-5. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-7. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-8. Lampara Catch
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Appendix C Table C-10. Lampara Catc
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Appendix C Scientific Name Table C-
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Appendix C Table C-14. Beach Seine
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Appendix D Table D-1. Ichthyoplankt
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Appendix D fish eggs (undeveloped)
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Appendix D fish eggs unid. unidenti
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fish eggs unid. unidentified fish e
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Appendix D Eggs Oligocottus / Clino
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Appendix D Eggs Rhinogobiops nichol
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Eggs Liparis spp. snailf
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Table D-11. Ichthyoplank
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APPENDIX E INFAUNA
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Appendix E Taxon LA-1 LA-10 LA-11 L
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Appendix E Protothaca laciniata Tax
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Table E-4. Otter Trawl,
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Octopus sp. 1 Philine sp
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Appendix E This page intentionally
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Appendix F Table F-1. Total Abundan
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Appendix F LARR-1 LARR-2 LARR-3 LAR
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APPENDIX G KELP AND MACROALGAE
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Appendix G Date Survey Site Observe
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Appendix G Species T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-1 AVIAN ECOLO
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Appendix H Table H-1. Avian Ecologi
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Appendix H GUILD 8 - UPLAND BIRDS G
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-2 NUMBER OF I
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Appendix H Table H-2. December A 20
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Appendix H Table H-3. December B 20
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Appendix H Table H-4. January A 200
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Appendix H Table H-5. January B 200
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Appendix H Table H-6. February A 20
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Appendix H Table H-7. February B 20
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Appendix H Table H-8. March A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-9. March B 2008
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Appendix H Table H-10. April A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-11. May A 2008 S
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Appendix H Table H-13. July A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-15. August B 200
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Appendix H Table H-16. September A
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Appendix H Table H-17. September B
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Date ELEGANT TERN — OB
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APPENDIX I MARINE MAMMALS
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Appendix I Common Survey Station/ N
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Appendix I Common Name Survey Type
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Appendix I This page intentionally
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