appendix b final 2008 biological surveys of los angeles and long ...

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5.0 Benthic and Epibenthic Invertebrates 5.3.2 Taxonomic Composition and Dominant Taxa The infaunal community was numerically dominated by polychaetes (48% of annual mean abundance), crustaceans (31%), and molluscs (20%) (Table 5.3-2). Echinoderms (2%) and other minor phyla (2%) were substantially less abundant. Molluscs and polychaetes accounted for most of the infaunal biomass (Table 5.3-3). Polychaetes were the most diverse taxonomic group (123 species), followed by molluscs (64 species) and crustaceans (51 species) (Table 5.3-4). The substantial decline in abundance between summer and winter, a pattern noted in Section 5.3.1, was primarily associated with a decline in crustacean abundance (Appendix E). The non-indigenous semele clam (Theora lubrica) was the most abundant species in the Los Angeles-Long Beach harbor complex, accounting for approximately 10% of the total abundance of infauna collected in the harbors (Table 5.3-5). Other dominant species, each accounting for approximately 2.5 to 6% of the total abundance, included a leptostracan crustacean (Nebalia pugettensis-complex), an amphipod crustacean (Amphideutopus oculatus), a pea crab (Scleroplax granulata), and polychaete worms (Cossura sp. A, Monticellina siblina [reported as Tharyx sp. in previous studies], Pisa agassizi, Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, Streblosoma sp. B). Most of these species have been numerical dominants in previous studies of the harbors (HEP 1976, 1980; MBC 1984, MEC 1988, MEC 2002). Several of these species were relatively widely distributed, although abundance levels varied among stations (e.g., Aphelochaeta petersenae, Cossura sp. A, Monticellina siblina, Pista agassizi, Streblosoma sp. B, Scleroplax granulata, and Theora lubrica) (Appendix E). Other dominant species with relatively widespread distribution included the amphipod Eochelidium sp. A and the polychaete Pista wui. In contrast, a few species were more restricted in distribution by depth or location within the harbors. For example, Amphideutopus oculata and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata were most abundant in shallow water (Stations LA2, LA3, LA7, LB2). Nebalia pugettensis-complex was most abundant in the Consolidated Slip in inner Los Angeles Harbor (Station LA14). 5.3.3 Spatial Patterns of Abundance Results of cluster analysis investigating spatial patterns in species composition and abundance are summarized below according to survey. 5.3.3.1 Summer Survey Four station cluster groups and nine species cluster groups were identified for the summer survey (Figure 5.3-1). Station cluster groups for the most part consisted of a mix of outer and inner harbor stations without a clear distinction between inner and outer harbor habitats. One exception was the separation of outer harbor shallow-water habitats (Stations LA2, LA3, LB2, LA7, LA8) from open-water, deepwater habitats (Stations LA1, LB1, LB9, LA11, LA12). Outer harbor open-water habitats in deep water were characterized by relatively higher abundances of ophiuroid echinoderms (Amphiodia urtica), amphipod (Eochelidium sp. A) and ostracod (Euphilomedes carcarodonta) crustaceans, bulloid gastropods (Volvulella panamica), bivalve molluscs (Nuculana taphria), and polychaete worms (Laonice cirrata, Nereis sp. A, Streblosoma sp. B). Shallow-water outer harbor stations were characterized by relatively higher abundances of amphipod crustaceans (Amphideutopus oculatus, Corophium heteroceratum), California surf clam (Mactrotoma californica), and polychaete worms (Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, Cossura candida). Several of these outer harbor species have been associated with background or low enrichment environments associated with open-water coastal areas (MEC 2002). 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors 5–5 April 2010
5.0 Benthic and Epibenthic Invertebrates The other two station cluster groups consisted of outer and inner harbor basins, channels, and slips. Species assemblages within these groups were similar between Long Beach and Los Angeles Harbors. One of the cluster groups had relatively higher abundance of T. lubrica. Within these two cluster groups, outer and inner harbor basins and slips generally had relatively higher abundances of polychaete worms such as Aphelochaeta petersenae, Cossura candida, Monticellina siblina, Pista wui; scaphapod molluscs (Gadila aberrans), and pea crabs (Scleroplax granulata). Inner harbor channel stations had higher relative abundances of several polychaete worms such as Euchone limnicola, Paramage scutata, Pista agassizi, Spiophanes dupex, and Streblosoma sp. B. A few of these species, including Aphelochaeta, Euchone, and Monticellina have been associated with low to moderate organic enrichment (MEC 2002). This is not unexpected in areas with relatively lower tidal circulation. 5.3.3.2 Winter Survey The cluster analysis indicates that species composition was similar throughout the harbors during the winter (Figure 5.3-2). There were three major station cluster groups; however, only one included stations that were aligned by either location or depth. That group consisted of stations in the western side of outer Los Angeles Harbor, including shallow and deepwater habitats and the Cabrillo Basin (Stations LA3, LA7, LA10, LA11, and LA12). The other two cluster groups each included a mix of inner and outer harbor stations covering both shallow and deep water, including open water, basins, channels, and slips. 5.3.4 Summary of Spatial and Temporal Variations Species composition showed little change between the summer and winter surveys. However, abundances were generally higher in summer than winter. Species composition differed among shallow and deepwater habitats in the outer harbor with both being relatively diverse in terms of number of species, but abundances at shallow-water stations were approximately twice those at deepwater stations. There was little difference in species composition among deepwater stations located in basins, channels, or slips of the inner and outer harbors. Species assemblages of benthic invertebrates can be indicative of habitat quality. Certain species are tolerant of adverse environmental conditions, such as low oxygen and high pollutant levels, and others are found only in more pristine conditions. Accordingly, the patterns of occurrence of those indicator species can be used to deduce habitat quality, and past studies have evaluated habitat quality in that manner (MEC 1988, MEC 2002). In the present study, species assemblages indicated that stations in the outer harbor had the highest habitat quality as indicated by relatively greater abundance by species characteristic of areas of background to low organic enrichment, i.e., pollution. The species assemblages found in the inner harbor, basins, and slips were indicative of low to moderate organic enrichment compared to the openwater outer harbor stations. This result suggests that species composition is influenced by tidal circulation in the harbors. 5.3.5 Historical Comparisons The benthic community of the harbors was first studied in the 1950s by Reish (1959). The harbor environment was quite different then, with several inner harbor and slip areas severely polluted and either devoid of marine life or dominated by the polychaete Capitella capitata, which is considered an indicator of pollution or disturbance (Reish 1959, Pearson and Rosenberg 1978). Areas considered “healthy” occurred in the outer harbor and were dominated by the polychaetes Cossura candida, Nereis procera, and “Tharyx ? parvus.” Similar species have been collected in the harbors over the last 30 years (Table 5.3-6). However, the relative abundances of the species have varied, and there has been a shift in the 5–6 2008 Biological Surveys of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors April 2010
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APPENDIX B FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SU
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FINAL 2008 BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF LO
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Table of Contents 3.4.3 Summary of
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Table of Contents 8.2.1 Aerial Phot
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Table of Contents Table 3.4-2. Tabl
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Table of Contents Table 8.3-3. Tabl
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Table of Contents Figure 6.2-1. Rip
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Table of Contents This page intenti
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Executive Summary otter trawls to s
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Executive Summary Van Veen) and ana
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Executive Summary which was collect
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1.0 Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION T
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1.0 Introduction 1.4 STUDY OBJECTIV
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1.0 Introduction Historical compari
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1.0 Introduction Figure 1.1-2. Map
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CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY
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2.0 Water Quality The CTD was deplo
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2.0 Water Quality Outer Harbor area
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2.0 Water Quality Table 2.2-1. Wate
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2.0 Water Quality Figure 2.2-1. Wat
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2.0 Water Quality This page intenti
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes 3.0 A
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes speci
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes and b
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes sampl
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes No si
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes croak
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes gobie
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Table
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3.0 Adult and Juvenile Fishes Table
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae sediment us
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Overall, ou
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae pose a sign
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7.0 Kelp and Macroalgae Figure 7.2-
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CHAPTER 8 EELGRASS
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8.0 Eelgrass distribution of eelgra
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8.0 Eelgrass adjacent to most trans
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8.0 Eelgrass load on the plants was
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8.0 Eelgrass (Table 8.3-5), based o
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8.0 Eelgrass surveys. No eelgrass b
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8.0 Eelgrass Areas containing eelgr
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8.0 Eelgrass Seasonal patterns amon
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8.0 Eelgrass 2002) inferred that th
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8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-2. Spring 20
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8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-4. Fall 2008
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8.0 Eelgrass Table 8.3-12. Oceanic
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8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-2. Eelgrass
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8.0 Eelgrass Figure 8.3-6. Spatial
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9.0 Birds 9.0 BIRDS 9.1 INTRODUCTIO
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9.0 Birds changes in species number
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9.0 Birds the Brown Pelican populat
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9.0 Birds 9.4.2.10 9.4.2.11 9.4.2.1
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9.0 Birds 9.5.1 Distribution and Ab
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9.0 Birds discussed in Section 9.4.
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9.0 Birds Angeles Harbor. The relat
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-1. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.4-3. Nest Numbers
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-2. Species Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.5-4. Percent Comp
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9.0 Birds Table 9.6-1. Historical C
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9.0 Birds 70 12000 60 10000 50 40 3
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9.0 Birds 3500 shallow water sandy
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9.0 Birds 40 35 30 riprap aerial Nu
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9.0 Birds Number Observed 3500 3000
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9.0 Birds Figure 9.5-1. Total numbe
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9.0 Birds Number of Individuals 400
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9.0 Birds 7000 Mean Number of Indiv
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CHAPTER 10 MARINE MAMMALS
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10.0 Marine Mammals Gray whales dif
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10.0 Marine Mammals This page inten
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11.0 References 11.0 REFERENCES Abb
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11.0 References Dennison, W.C. and
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11.0 References Jacques, D.L., C.S.
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11.0 References North, W.J. 1983. S
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APPENDIX A STATION LOCATIONS
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Appendix A Station Coordinates (NAD
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Appendix B (A) Temperature (°C), S
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APPENDIX C FISHES
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Appendix C Table C-1. Combined Fish
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Appendix C LA01 LA02 LA03 LA04 LA05
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Appendix C Table C-3. Otter Trawl C
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Appendix C Table C-5. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-7. Otter Trawl B
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Appendix C Table C-8. Lampara Catch
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Appendix C Table C-10. Lampara Catc
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Appendix C Scientific Name Table C-
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Appendix C Table C-14. Beach Seine
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Appendix D Table D-1. Ichthyoplankt
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Appendix D fish eggs (undeveloped)
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Appendix D fish eggs unid. unidenti
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fish eggs unid. unidentified fish e
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Appendix D Eggs Oligocottus / Clino
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Appendix D Eggs Rhinogobiops nichol
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Eggs Liparis spp. snailf
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Appendix D Juvenile Eggs Heterostic
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Appendix D Table D-11. Ichthyoplank
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APPENDIX E INFAUNA
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Appendix E Taxon LA-1 LA-10 LA-11 L
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Appendix E Protothaca laciniata Tax
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Table E-4. Otter Trawl,
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Appendix E Taxon LA1 LA2 LA3 LA4 LA
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Appendix E Octopus sp. 1 Philine sp
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Appendix E This page intentionally
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Appendix F Table F-1. Total Abundan
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Appendix F LARR-1 LARR-2 LARR-3 LAR
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APPENDIX G KELP AND MACROALGAE
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Appendix G Date Survey Site Observe
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Appendix G Species T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-1 AVIAN ECOLO
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Appendix H Table H-1. Avian Ecologi
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Appendix H GUILD 8 - UPLAND BIRDS G
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Appendix H APPENDIX H-2 NUMBER OF I
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Appendix H Table H-2. December A 20
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Appendix H Table H-3. December B 20
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Appendix H Table H-4. January A 200
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Appendix H Table H-5. January B 200
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Appendix H Table H-6. February A 20
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Appendix H Table H-7. February B 20
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Appendix H Table H-8. March A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-9. March B 2008
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Appendix H Table H-10. April A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-11. May A 2008 S
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Appendix H Table H-13. July A 2008
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Appendix H Table H-15. August B 200
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Appendix H Table H-16. September A
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Appendix H Table H-17. September B
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Species Totals Zones 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Zones Species Totals 1 2
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Appendix H Date ELEGANT TERN — OB
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APPENDIX I MARINE MAMMALS
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Appendix I Common Survey Station/ N
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Appendix I Common Name Survey Type
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Appendix I This page intentionally
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