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An integrated sphere radiometer as a solution for high power laser calibrations in fibre optics Pedro Corredera Guillén (1) , Félix Rodríguez-Barrios (1) , Ana Carrasco-Sanz (1) , Sonia Martín-López (1) , Miguel González-Herráez (1,2) y María Luisa Hernanz Sanjuan (1) . (1) Dep. de Metrologia, Instituto de Física Aplicada (IFA) CSIC, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid. Spain (2) Dep. de Electrónica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Abstract. This paper describes the design, characterization and calibration of a high power transfer standard for optical power measurements in optical fibres based on an integrating sphere radiometer. This radiometer, based on two detectors (Si and InGaAs), measure power between 10 µW to 10 W and, and it is useful in the wavelength range of 400 to 1700 nm. The radiometer has been calibrated along the total spectral range of use against an electrically calibrated pyroelectric radiometer and different fibre laser diodes and ion lasers. The total uncertainty obtained is lower than ±1.5% for these wavelength and power ranges. Introduction The proliferation of high power fibre lasers used to pump Raman amplifiers having output powers of several watts, drives the need to improve the calibration capabilities for absolute power measurements in optical fibres at levels from 0.5 W to 10 W. Integrating sphere radiometers (ISR) have been demonstrated as a realizable system to develop fibre-optic power meter scales [1, 2, 3], and NIR spectral responsivity scales using cryogenic radiometers [4, 5]. This paper presents the design, characterization and calibration of an ISR useful in the 400-1700 nm wavelength range. Integrated sphere radiometer design Figures 1 shows the sphere radiometer design. It is composed of a Spectralon® integrating sphere and two detectors. The sphere has an internal diameter of 2-inches with 0.5-inch thick walls. Three ports have been opened in the sphere with 90° orientation between one another. The input port has a 3 mm -diameter aperture and a FC fibre connector. The other two ports are used to place the two detectors, a 5 mm diameter Si detector and a 3 mm diameter InGaAs detector. Several adapters have been designed in order to ensure, by changing the distance fibre/sphere, that the maximum irradiance on the sphere wall does not overcome 1.7 W/cm 2 . Integrated sphere radiometer characterization A complete radiometer characterization has been carried out. The temperature coefficient, the spatial uniformity of response, the relative spectral responsivity, the linearity, the effect of fiber connectors and numerical aperture and the absolute spectral responsivity has been measured. The most relevant results are described in the next paragraphs. Figure 1: Integrating sphere radiometer (scheme). Linearity Si and InGaAs detectors are highly lineal when are illuminated within their active area [6]. In order to assure the overfilled illumination in the detector surface, two apertures of 1.0 and 1.3 mm of diameter have been placed just in front of the Si and InGaAs detector respectively. Figures 2 and 3 show the non-linearity and its uncertainties (k=2) for both Si and InGaAs detectors, before being attached to the sphere radiometer. In the upper axis of these figures we represent the equivalent power level in the ISR calculated with their responsivities at 632.8 and 1550 nm respectively. The maximum non-linearity found in the range between 10 µW and 10 W was +0.21%, with an uncertainty of 0.50% (k=2) in the ISR-Si, and +0.41%, with an uncertainty of 0.36% (k=2) for the ISR-InGaAs. Figure 2: Linearity of the ISR-Si. The inserted figure shows the behavior near the saturation point. Proceedings NEWRAD, 17-19 October 2005, Davos, Switzerland 307
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NEWRAD PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9 TH INTE
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NEWRAD 2005 Scientific Program Day
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14:50 Hiroshi Shitomi, AIST 5-3 Pho
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NEWRAD 2005 Scientific Program-Post
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33. Drift in the absolute responsiv
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Session 6 Novel Techniques 64. The
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Session 9 Realisation of scales 94.
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Absolute Accuracy of Total Solar Ir
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Low-uncertainty absolute radiometri
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NIST Reference Cryogenic Radiometer
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Measurement of the absorptance of a
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Grooves for Emissivity and Absorpti
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New apparatus for the spectral radi
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VUV and Soft X-ray metrology statio
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The metrology line on the SOLEIL sy
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Cryogenic radiometer developments a
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measured with BiTe thermopiles. Exp
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variations of the spectral sensitiv
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aperture area by I = π·L·F·A, w
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Table 1 Ratio of radiometric power
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Consistency of radiometric temperat
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Project of absolute measuring instr
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wavelength / nm U180 @ MLS band wid
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Relative Uncertainty 0.4% 0.3% 0.2%
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600 mA for each set. In both cases,
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The stability of silicon n-on-p jun
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Mutual comparison Mutual comparison
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Stray-light correction of array spe
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Characterizing the performance of U
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Optical Radiation Action Spectra fo
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On potential discrepancies between
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Correcting for bandwidth effects in
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Detector-based NIST-traceable Valid
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Long-term calibration of a New Zeal
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Drift in the absolute responsivitie
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Radiance source for CCD low-uncerta
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Improved NIR spectral responsivity
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Characterization of a portable, fib
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Synchrotron radiation based irradia
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The Spectral Irradiance and Radianc
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NIST BXR I Calibration A. Smith, T.
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NIST BXR II Infrared Transfer Radio
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Proceedings NEWRAD, 17-19 October 2
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Spectral responsivity interpolation
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Monochromator Based Calibration of
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Study of the Infrared Emissivity of
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Radiometric Stability of a Calibrat
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Session 3 Photolithography and UV P
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NEWRAD 2005: Improvements in EUV re
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Measuring pulse energy with solid s
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Vacuum ultraviolet quantum efficien
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Spatial Anisotropy of the Exciton R
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Comparison of spectral irradiance r
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Session 4 Remote sensing Proceeding
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Solar Radiometry from SORCE G. Kopp
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Inter-comparison Study of Terra and
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The Solar Bolometric Imager - Recen
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On measuring the radiant properties
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A Model of the Spectral Irradiance
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Determination of Aerosol Optical De
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Procedures of absolute calibration
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Using a Blackbody to Determine the
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On the drifts exhibited by cryogeni
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On-orbit Characterization of Terra
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Space solar patrol mission for moni
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Multi-channel ground-based and airb
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Thermal Modelling and Digital Servo
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Calibration of Filter Radiometers f
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Radiometric Calibration of a Coasta
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A Verification of the Ozone Monitor
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Session 5 Photometry and Colorimetr
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Review on new developments in Photo
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Linking Fluorescence Measurements t
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Photoluminescence from White Refere
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A Simple Stray-light Correction Mat
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Minimizing Uncertainty for Traceabl
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Measuring photon quantities in the
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Characterization of germanium photo
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Determination of luminous intensity
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The evaluation of a pyroelectric de
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UV detector calibration based on an
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NEWRAD 2005 Calibration of Current-
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Simplified diffraction effects for
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Widely Tunable Twin-Beam Light Sour
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Comparison of Measurements of Spect
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APMP PR-S1 comparison on irradiance
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Comparison of mid-infrared absorpta
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Comparison of photometer calibratio
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A Comparison of Re-C, Pt-C, and Co-
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Application of Metal (Carbide)-Carb
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On Estimation of Distribution Tempe
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Hyperspectral Image Projectors for
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