Here - PMOD/WRC

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ÔÓØÓÒ ÔÖ× Ò ×ÐØÐÝ ÒÓÒÓÐÐÒÖ ÓÑØÖÝº Ï Ù× Ø× ×ÓÙÖ ØÓ Ñ×ÙÖ Ø ØØÓÒ ÒÝ Ó Ò ÁÒ× È Ø ½¼ ÒÑ Ò Ò ÓÒ ×Ó Ð×Ó Ø×Ø ÓÙÖ ØÛÓ¹ÔÓØÓÒ ÓÐÐØÓÒ ÒÝ ÑÓÐº ÁÒ ÓÙÖ ÜÔÖÑÒØ¸ Ø ÖÝ×ØÐ Û× ÓÔÖØ Ò ÕÙ×¹ Ô×ÑØÒ ÓÒÙÖØÓÒ¸ ÛØ ÒÓÒÖØÐ Ô×¹ ÑØÒ ´¼ ◦ Ô×¹ÑØÒ ÒÐµ Ò º¿ μÑ ÔÖÓ ØÓ ÔÖÓÙ È ÔÓØÓÒ× Ø ½¼ ÒÑ Ò ½¼ ÒÑ Ø ÜØÖÒÐ ÒÐ× Ó ½ ◦ Ò ¾ ◦ º Ò ØÙÒÒ Ó Ø× ÓÙØÔÙØ Û× Ú Ý Ù×ØÒ Ø ÖÝ×ØÐ ØÑÔÖ¹ ØÙÖ ØÓ ½ ◦ º ÐÒ×¸ L p Û× Ù× Ò Ø ÔÙÑÔ Ñ ØÓ ÔÖÓÙ Ù××Ò Ñ Û×Ø Ó w p ≃½¼¼ μÑ Ø Ø ÖÝ×ØÐ¸ ÙØÓ ÐØÖ 1 ÐÓ Ø ÔÙÑÔ Ð×Ö Ò ÖÓ ÑÖÖÓÖ ´Åµ ×ÔÖØ Ø ½¼ ÒÑ ´Ñ ½µ Ò ½¼ ÒÑ ´Ñ ¾µ ÔÓØÓÒ×º ÑÓÒÓÖÓÑØÓÖ Û× Ò×ÖØ Ò Ø ÖÐÒ ÔØ ØÓ ÐÒ Ø ½¼ ÒÑ ÐØ¸ Ñ×ÙÖ Ø× ×ÔØÖÐ ÛØ¸ Ò × ÐØÖº Ì ÖÐÒ ÖÑ Û× ÖÓÙØ ØÓ ËÅ Ò ØÒ ØÓ Ë È¸ ÛÐ Ø ÖÐ ÖÑ¸ Ð×Ó ÓÙÔÐ ØÓ ËÅ¸ Û× ×ÒØ ØÓ ÁÒ× È¸ ÓÔÖØÒ ÛØ Ø ×º Ì ÖÐ ÖÑ ÓÔØÐ ÐÝÛ× Ù×Ø ÛØ Ò ÔÔÖÓÔÖØ ÐÒØ ËÅ ØÓ Ó×ÖÚ ÓÒÒ× ÛÒ Ø ÁÒ× Ø¹ ØÓÖ Û× Ø Ý Ø ØØÓÒ Ó ½¼ ÒÑ ÔÓØÓÒ Ò Ø ÖÐÒ ÖÑº Ì ÁÒ× ØØÓÖ¸ ÒÐÙÒ Ø ËÅ Ò ÓÙÔÐÒ ÐÒ× ÓÔØÐ ÐÓ×××¸ Û× Ð¹ ÖØ Ò×Ø ÓÒÚÒØÓÒÐ ØØÓÖ ×ØÒÖ Ù×¹ Ò ØØÒÙØ Ð×Ö ×ÓÙÖ¸ ÝÐÒ ÖÛ ØØÓÒ ÒÝ Ó η det =9.8%º Ì ØØÓÖ ÒÝ × Ñ×ÙÖ Ý Ø È ×ÓÙÖ × ÚÒ Ý η det = (χ P · τ opt · τ SMF−lens ) −1 × ´½µ P coinc − P uncorr (1 − P uncorr )(1 − P heralding backgnd ) , ÛÖ χ P × Ø ÖÐÒ ÒÝ ´×ÒÐ¹ÑÓ ÔÖÔÖØÓÒ ÒÝµ¸ ½¾℄¸ τ opt × Ø ÓÚÖÐÐ Ö¹ Ð ÖÑ ÓÔØÐ ØÖÒ×ÑØØÒ ´ÒÐÙÒ ÈÈÄÆ¸ 1 ,DMµ¸ τ SMF−lens × Ø ÓÔØÐ ØÖÒ×ÑØØÒ Ó Ø L 2 Ò Ø ËÅ ÓÒ Ø ÖÐ ÖÑ×¸ P coinc × Ø ÔÖÓÐØÝ Ó ÓÒÒØ ÓÙÒØ× ÔÖ Ø¸ P uncorr × ÔÖÓÐØÝ Ó ÙÒÓÖÖÐØ ÓÖ ÒØÐ ÓÒ¹ Ò ÓÙÒØ× ÔÖ Ø ´ØÖÑÒ Ý ÒÒ Ø ÖÐÒ ÐÝ ×Ó Ø ØØÓÒ Ø Ñ××× ÔÓØÓÒ× ÓÖÖÐØ ØÓ Ø ÖÐ ÔÓØÓÒ×µ¸ Ò P heralding backgnd × Ø ÔÖÓÐØÝ Ó ØÒ ÓÙÒØ× ÔÖÓÙ Ý ÙÒÓÖÖ¹ ÐØ ÔÓØÓÒ× Ò Ö ÓÙÒØ× ÓÒ Ø ÖÐÒ ÖÑº Ì ÖÐÒ ÒÝ χ P ℄ × Ø ÒÝ Ó ÔÖÔÖÒ ÔÓØÓÒ Ò Ø ÖÐ ÒÒÐ Ò ¹ ÒØ ×ÔØÖÐ Ò ×ÔØÐ ÑÓ¸ Ý ×Ô ÑÓ ×Ð¹ ØÓÒ Ó Ø ÖÐÒ ÖÑº Ì× ØÓÖ × Ò ØÓÒ ØÓ Ø ÓØÖ ÓÔØÐ ØÖÒ×ÑØØÒ× Ò Ø ÖÐ ÒÒÐº ÁØ ×ÐÐÝ ÕÙÒØ× ÓÛ ÛÐÐ Ø ÓÐÐ¹ ØÓÒ ×Ý×ØÑ ÓÑØÖÐÐÝ Ø× ÔÓØÓÒ× ÓÖÖÐØ ØÓ ØÓ× ×Ò Ý Ø ØÖÖ ØØÓÖº ÌÓ ÐÖØ ËÅ¹ÓÙÔÐ ØØÓÖ¸ Ø ÖÐÒ ÒÝ ÑÙ×Ø 214 ¾ ÓÔØÑÞ Ò ×ØÑØº ÁØ × Ò ÐÙÐØ Ò Öº ℄ Ò Ø × Ó ÙÐ ÖÝ×ØÐº ÓÖ ÈÈÄÆ ½¾℄ Ø × χ P = 4 w2 p w2 1 w2 2 (w2 1 + w2 p ) Δ 2 (w2 2w2 p + w2 1 (w2 2 + f(L), w2 p ))2 (Δ 2 1 +Δ2 2 ) 1 2 ´¾µ ÛÖ Δ 1,2 =½ ÒÑ¸ ¾º ÒÑ Ö Ø ×ÔØÖÐ Ò¹ ÛØ× ×ÐØ Ý Ø ËÅ Ò Ø ØÛÓ ÖÑ× Ò f(L) × ÓÖÖØÓÒ ÙÒØÓÒ ÔÒÒ ÓÒ Ø ÖÝ×¹ ØÐ ÐÒØº Ï Ù× ØÛÓ ÐÒ×× ÓÒÙÖØÓÒ ØÓ ÑÓ ÑØ Ø Ð×º ÏØ L 1 Ò L 2 ÓØ ÑÑ ×¹ ÔÖ ÐÒ××¸ Ø d 1 ¾¼ ÑÑ Ò d 2 ¾¾¼ ÑÑ¸ Ò w 1 = w 2 ½¼¼ μÑ¸ ÖÓÑ Õº´½µ¸ Û ÓØÒ Ø Ü¹ ÔÖÑÒØÐ ÚÐÙ Ó χ p =±¸ ÛÐ ÖÓÑ Õº ´¾µ Û ×ØÑØ χ p ½±º ÏØ L 1 Ò L 2 ÓØ ¾¼Ü ÑÖÓ¹ ×ÓÔ ÓØÚ× Ø d 1 ¼ ÑÑ Ò d 2 ½¼ ÑÑ¸ Ò w 1 = 144μÑ Ò w 2 μÑ¸ Û ÓØÒ Ø ÜÔÖ¹ ÑÒØÐ ÚÐÙ Ó χ p =± Ò Ø ØÓÖØÐ χ p ±º ÌÓ× ÚÐÙ× Ö Ò ÓÓ ÖÑÒØ ÓÒ×ÖÒ Ø ÙÐØÝ ØÓ Ñ×ÙÖ Ø ÒÛØ× Ò Û×Ø× Ø Ø ÖÝ×ØÐº Ì Ñ×ÙÖ ÚÐÙ× Ò Õº´½µÖ P coinc ¾º¾±¸ ¾º±¸ Puncorr heralded ¼º¾ ±¸ ¼º¿ ± Ò P heralding backgnd ½±¸ ¾±º Ï Ñ×ÙÖ Ø τ opt ± Ò τ SMF−lens ¿ ±¸ ¿±¸ ÓÖ Ø ÐÒ×× Ò Ó¹ ØÚ× ÓÒÙÖØÓÒ¸ Ö×ÔØÚÐÝº Ì ÖÐÒ ¹ ÖÓÙÒ¸ ÔÖÓÔÖÐÝ Ñ×ÙÖ Ù×Ò Ø ÑÓÒÓÖÓÑ¹ ØÓÖ¸ × Ù ØÓ Ø ÙÓÖ×Ò Ó Ø ÈÈÄÆºÌ× Ü¹ ÔÖÑÒØ¸ ÛØ Ø ÐÚÐ Ó ¼º¼ ÔÖ×»´ÑÏ Øµ ÔÖÓÙ ÒØ× ØØ ÈÈÄÆ ×ÓÙÐ ÓÑÔØ¹ Ð ÛØ Ø ØØÓÖ ÒÝ ÔÔÐØÓÒ ÓÖ ÖØ ÐÖØÓÒ Ó ×ÒÐ¹ÑÓ ÓÙÔÐ ÁÒ× ÔÓØÓÒ¹ ÓÙÒØÒ ØØÓÖ× Ø ½¼ ÒÑº ÁÒ ØÓÒ¸ Ø ÐÚÐ Ó ÓÒ××ØÒÝ ´ÐØÓÙ ÚÖÝ ÖÓÙ Ø Ø× ÖÐÝ ×Ø Ó ÓÙÖ ÛÓÖµ ØÛÒ Ø ØÛÓ ØØÓÖ ÐÖ¹ ØÓÒ ÑØÓ× ÖØ× ÚÓÖÐÝ ÓÒ Ø ÚÐØÝ Ó ÓÙÖ ÑÓ¹ÑØÒ ÑÓÐº Ù× Ò Ø× ÒØÐ ÜÔÖ¹ ÑÒØ ØÈ×ÓÙÖ Ò ÓÔØÐ ÓÐÐØÓÒ ×Ý×ØÑ Û× ÒÓØ ÓÔØÑÞ ÓÖ ½¼ ÒÑ Ò ÐÓ××× ÛÖ ÖÐ¹ ØÚÐÝ ¸ Û ÜÔØ ØØ ØÖ × ×ÒÒØ ÖÓÓÑ ØÓ ÑÔÖÓÚ Ø ×Ý×ØÑ ØÓ ÐÐÓÛ ÙÖÝ Ø×Ø ØÓ ÔÖÓÖÑº ÊÖÒ× ½º ºÆº ÃÐÝ×Ó¸ ÈÓØÓÒ× Ò ÆÓÒÐÒÖ ÇÔØ×¸ ´ÓÖ¹ ÓÒ Ò Ö ËÒ ÈÙÐ×Ö×¸ ½µº ¾º ºÄº ÅÐÐ¸ Øº Ð¸ ÔÔÐº ÇÔØº¸ ½¸ ¾½¹¾¾¾´¾¼¼¾µ ¿º Ïº ÌØØÐ Ø Ðº¸ ¸ ¿¹¼´¾¼¼¼µ º º ÃÒÐÐ Ø Ðº ÆØÙÖ ¼¸ ¹¾´¾¼¼½µº º Ëº ×Ð Ø Ðº¸ ÕÙÒØ¹Ô»¼¼½¿¸ Ô×º º º ÃÙÖØ×Ö Ø Ðº ÈÝ×º ÊÚº ¸ ¸ ¼¾¿¼¾´¾¼¼½µº º Ëº ×ØÐÐØØÓ Ø Ðº¸ ËÈÁ ÈÖÓº ½¸ ¼¹¾´¾¼¼µ º ºº ÓÚÒÓ Ø Ðº¸ ÇÔØº ÓÑÑº ¾¾¸ ¿¿¹¿´¾¼¼¿µº º Ìºº ÈØØÑÒÒ Ø Ðº ÕÙÒØ¹Ô»¼¼¼¿¸ ´¾¼¼µ ½¼º Ëº ×ØÐÐØØÓ Ø Ðº¸ ×ÙÑØØ ØÓ ÇÔØ× ÜÔÖ××º ½½º Åº º ÐÓØ Ø Ðº¸ Âº Ó ÅÓÖÒ ÈÝ××¸ ½¸ ½½¹ ½¿¾´¾¼¼µ ½¾º Ëº ×ØÐÐØØÓ Ø Ðº ¸ ÙÒÖ ÔÖÔÖØÓÒº
The Measurement of Surface and Volume Fluorescence at NPL M. J. Shaw, T. A. Burnitt, C. J. Chunnilall National Physical Laboratory, Tedddington, TW11 0LW, U.K. Abstract. A spectrofluorimeter for quantifying the fluorescent emission from liquids and transmitting solids as well as opaque surfaces has been developed at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The system incorporates a goniometric detection system which allows the measurement of the fluorescent emission and scattered light at any angle to the incident radiation. This paper describes the optical design of the instrument and outlines methods used to calibrate the excitation and detection systems to allow determination of the normalized emission spectrum or total radiance factor and associated colorimetry of a fluorescent material. Uncertainty budgets for the measurements are also presented. The NPL Reference Spectrofluorimeter New measurement requirements, particularly in the biotechnology sector, have led NPL to extend its fluorescence measurement capability. To meet these needs a new reference spectrofluorimeter has been developed to allow analysis of fluorescent emission and scattering in multiple geometries over a range of wavelengths from the UV to NIR [1, 2]. The NPL Reference Spectrofluorimeter (RSF) (figure 1) has a high power xenon source, the output from which is focused onto the entrance slit of a double grating monochromator operated in additive mode. The beam exiting the monochromator is collimated by an off axis parabolic mirror and then steered by three plane mirrors onto a second off axis parabolic mirror which forms an image of the exit slit at a limiting aperture. The width of this limiting aperture sets the bandwidth of the light incident on the sample (usually 5 nm FWHM). A magnified image of the limiting aperture is produced at the sample plane by a lens. Using this optical arrangement the incident beam converges to a focus at the sample plane to form a rectangular patch. The polarization of the incident light, usually set at 45˚ to the vertical, is fixed by a Glan Taylor polarizing prism in a rotating mount. The last optical component before the sample is a silica window that acts as a beamsplitter, reflecting approximately 8% of the beam to a silicon photodiode trap detector [3] which is used to monitor the optical power incident on the sample. The system has two different sample mounting stages, both incorporate a reflectance standard that can be measured along with the sample. Opaque reflecting samples are mounted on a linear stage which can be translated vertically to move either the sample or the reference standard into the excitation beam. When measuring volume fluorescence, cuvettes or similarly sized solids are mounted at one end of a rotating arm and the calibrated reflectance standard at the other. Rotating the arm by 180˚ switches between the sample and reference standard. Figure 1. The NPL Reference Spectrofluorimeter configured for a 0°/45° measurement of surface fluorescence The detection system is built around an arm that rotates about the point where the sample plane and the incident beam intersect. Light emitted by the sample into a fixed solid angle defined by an iris aperture is focused onto the entrance slit of a single grating spectrograph. The spectrograph entrance slit is imaged onto a Peltier cooled 1024 element CCD array which allows simultaneous measurement of the light spectrum across a 500 nm wavelength band. The range of wavelengths detected by the CCD array can be adjusted by rotating the grating; for Proceedings NEWRAD, 17-19 October 2005, Davos, Switzerland 215
Page 1 and 2:
NEWRAD PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9 TH INTE
Page 3 and 4:
NEWRAD 2005 Scientific Program Day
Page 5 and 6:
14:50 Hiroshi Shitomi, AIST 5-3 Pho
Page 7 and 8:
NEWRAD 2005 Scientific Program-Post
Page 9 and 10:
33. Drift in the absolute responsiv
Page 11 and 12:
Session 6 Novel Techniques 64. The
Page 13:
Session 9 Realisation of scales 94.
Page 17:
Absolute Accuracy of Total Solar Ir
Page 21 and 22:
Low-uncertainty absolute radiometri
Page 23 and 24:
NIST Reference Cryogenic Radiometer
Page 25 and 26:
Measurement of the absorptance of a
Page 27:
Grooves for Emissivity and Absorpti
Page 31 and 32:
New apparatus for the spectral radi
Page 33:
VUV and Soft X-ray metrology statio
Page 37 and 38:
The metrology line on the SOLEIL sy
Page 39:
Cryogenic radiometer developments a
Page 42 and 43:
measured with BiTe thermopiles. Exp
Page 44 and 45:
variations of the spectral sensitiv
Page 46 and 47:
aperture area by I = π·L·F·A, w
Page 48 and 49:
Table 1 Ratio of radiometric power
Page 51 and 52:
Consistency of radiometric temperat
Page 53:
Project of absolute measuring instr
Page 57:
Session 2 UV, Vis, and IR Radiometr
Page 60 and 61:
Table 1: Summary of the quality ass
Page 62 and 63:
wavelength / nm U180 @ MLS band wid
Page 64 and 65:
ight half is uncoated. Measurements
Page 66 and 67:
Change [%] 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 PTFE d
Page 68 and 69:
had been accommodated to industrial
Page 70 and 71:
Relative Uncertainty 0.4% 0.3% 0.2%
Page 72 and 73:
instrument differences or from diff
Page 74 and 75:
3.00E-08 Nomalized radiant flux 2.5
Page 76 and 77:
frequencies, the chopping frequency
Page 78 and 79:
600 mA for each set. In both cases,
Page 80 and 81:
Detailed and comparative results wi
Page 82 and 83:
measurement to an independent spect
Page 84 and 85:
The stability of silicon n-on-p jun
Page 86 and 87:
applied. Reproducibility of measure
Page 88 and 89:
Mutual comparison Mutual comparison
Page 91 and 92:
A comparison of the performance of
Page 93 and 94:
Stray-light correction of array spe
Page 95 and 96:
Characterizing the performance of U
Page 97 and 98:
Optical Radiation Action Spectra fo
Page 99 and 100:
A newly developed double broadband
Page 101 and 102:
On potential discrepancies between
Page 103 and 104:
Correcting for bandwidth effects in
Page 105 and 106:
Establishment of Fiber Optic Measur
Page 107 and 108:
Detector-based NIST-traceable Valid
Page 109 and 110:
Long-term calibration of a New Zeal
Page 111 and 112:
Drift in the absolute responsivitie
Page 113 and 114:
Radiance source for CCD low-uncerta
Page 115 and 116:
Improved NIR spectral responsivity
Page 117 and 118:
Characterization of a portable, fib
Page 119 and 120:
Synchrotron radiation based irradia
Page 121 and 122:
The Spectral Irradiance and Radianc
Page 123 and 124:
NIST BXR I Calibration A. Smith, T.
Page 125 and 126:
NIST BXR II Infrared Transfer Radio
Page 127 and 128:
Proceedings NEWRAD, 17-19 October 2
Page 129 and 130:
Spectral responsivity interpolation
Page 131 and 132:
Monochromator Based Calibration of
Page 133 and 134:
Study of the Infrared Emissivity of
Page 135 and 136:
Radiometric Stability of a Calibrat
Page 137 and 138:
Session 3 Photolithography and UV P
Page 139 and 140:
NEWRAD 2005: Improvements in EUV re
Page 141 and 142:
Measuring pulse energy with solid s
Page 143 and 144:
Vacuum ultraviolet quantum efficien
Page 145 and 146:
Spatial Anisotropy of the Exciton R
Page 147 and 148:
Comparison of spectral irradiance r
Page 149 and 150:
Session 4 Remote sensing Proceeding
Page 151 and 152:
Solar Radiometry from SORCE G. Kopp
Page 153 and 154:
Inter-comparison Study of Terra and
Page 155 and 156:
The Solar Bolometric Imager - Recen
Page 157 and 158:
On measuring the radiant properties
Page 159 and 160:
A Model of the Spectral Irradiance
Page 161 and 162:
Determination of Aerosol Optical De
Page 163 and 164: Procedures of absolute calibration
Page 165 and 166: Using a Blackbody to Determine the
Page 167 and 168: On the drifts exhibited by cryogeni
Page 169 and 170: On-orbit Characterization of Terra
Page 171 and 172: Space solar patrol mission for moni
Page 173 and 174: Multi-channel ground-based and airb
Page 175 and 176: Thermal Modelling and Digital Servo
Page 177 and 178: Calibration of Filter Radiometers f
Page 179 and 180: Radiometric Calibration of a Coasta
Page 181 and 182: A Verification of the Ozone Monitor
Page 183 and 184: Session 5 Photometry and Colorimetr
Page 185 and 186: Review on new developments in Photo
Page 187 and 188: Linking Fluorescence Measurements t
Page 189 and 190: Photoluminescence from White Refere
Page 191 and 192: A Simple Stray-light Correction Mat
Page 193 and 194: New robot-based gonioreflectometer
Page 195 and 196: Rotational radiance invariance of d
Page 197 and 198: Minimizing Uncertainty for Traceabl
Page 199 and 200: Development of a total luminous flu
Page 201 and 202: Determination of the diffuser refer
Page 203 and 204: DEVELOPMENT OF A LUMINANCE STANDARD
Page 205 and 206: Measuring photon quantities in the
Page 207 and 208: Session 6 Novel techniques Proceedi
Page 209 and 210: Characterization of germanium photo
Page 211 and 212: Determination of luminous intensity
Page 213: ËÒÐ¹ÔÓØÓÒ ×ÓÙÖ ÖÐÒ
Page 217 and 218: The evaluation of a pyroelectric de
Page 219 and 220: UV detector calibration based on an
Page 221 and 222: NEWRAD 2005: Non selective thermal
Page 223 and 224: NEWRAD 2005 Calibration of Current-
Page 225 and 226: Simplified diffraction effects for
Page 227 and 228: Widely Tunable Twin-Beam Light Sour
Page 229 and 230: Measurement of quantum efficiency u
Page 231 and 232: Session 7 International Comparisons
Page 233 and 234: The CCPR K1-a Key Comparison of Spe
Page 235 and 236: Comparison of Measurements of Spect
Page 237 and 238: APMP PR-S1 comparison on irradiance
Page 239 and 240: Comparison Measurements of Spectral
Page 241 and 242: Comparison of mid-infrared absorpta
Page 243 and 244: Comparison of photometer calibratio
Page 245 and 246: A Comparison of Re-C, Pt-C, and Co-
Page 247 and 248: Session 8 Radiometric and Photometr
Page 249 and 250: Application of Metal (Carbide)-Carb
Page 251 and 252: On Estimation of Distribution Tempe
Page 253 and 254: Hyperspectral Image Projectors for
Page 255 and 256: Reproducible Metal-Carbon Eutectic
Page 257 and 258: Thermodynamic temperature determina
Page 259 and 260: Spatial Light Modulator-based Advan
Page 261 and 262: Novel subtractive band-pass filters
Page 263 and 264: Analysis of the Uncertainty Propaga
Page 265 and 266:
Absolute linearity measurements on
Page 267 and 268:
Comparison of two methods for spect
Page 269 and 270:
Precision Extended-Area Low Tempera
Page 271 and 272:
Flash Measurement System for the 25
Page 273 and 274:
A normal broadband irradiance (Heat
Page 275 and 276:
A laser-based radiance source for c
Page 277 and 278:
Furnace for High-Temperature Metal
Page 279 and 280:
Investigations of Impurities in TiC
Page 281 and 282:
Determining the temperature of a bl
Page 283 and 284:
High-temperature fixed-point radiat
Page 285 and 286:
Long-term experience in using deute
Page 287 and 288:
High-temperature fixed-point radiat
Page 289 and 290:
A comparison of Co-C, Pd-C, Pt-C, R
Page 291 and 292:
Irradiance measurements of Re-C, Ti
Page 293 and 294:
Evaluation and improvement of the p
Page 295 and 296:
The Spectrally Tunable LED light So
Page 297 and 298:
Session 9 Realisation of scales Pro
Page 299 and 300:
The Realization and the Disseminati
Page 301 and 302:
The establishment of the NPL infrar
Page 303 and 304:
The PTB High-Accuracy Spectral Resp
Page 305 and 306:
ÆÛ ÑØÓ ÓÖ Ø ÔÖÑÖÝ ÖÐ
Page 307 and 308:
An integrated sphere radiometer as
Page 309 and 310:
From X-rays to T-rays: Synchrotron
Page 311 and 312:
Infrared Radiometry at LNE: charact
Page 313 and 314:
Transfer standard pyrometers for ra
Page 315 and 316:
Preliminary Realization of a Spectr
Page 317 and 318:
New photometric standards developme
Page 319 and 320:
Distribution temperature scale real
Page 321 and 322:
Gloss standard calibration by spect
Page 323 and 324:
Absolute cryogenic radiometry in th
Page 325 and 326:
Detailed Comparison of Illuminance
Page 327 and 328:
Radiometric Temperature Comparisons
Page 329 and 330:
Characterization of Thermopile for
Page 331 and 332:
Detector Based Traceability Chain E
Page 333 and 334:
Comparison of the PTB Radiometric S
Page 335 and 336:
Spectral Responsivity Scale between
Page 337 and 338:
Realization of the NIST Total Spect
Page 339 and 340:
Goniometric Realisation of Reflecta
show all

Here - PMOD/WRC

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?