vocabulary flashcards

phloem
The vascular tissue through which
food moves in some plants.
cambium
seed
The plant structure that contains a
young plant inside a protective
covering.
transpiration
germination
The sprouting of the embryo out of a
seed; occurs when the embryo
resumes its growth.
xylem

A layer of cells in a plant that
produces new phloem and xylem
cells.
embryo
The young organism that develops
from a zygote.
The process by which water is lost
through a plant’s leaves.
root cap
A structure that covers the tip of a
root, protecting the root from injury.
The vascular tissue through which
water and nutrients move in some
plants.
stomata
The small openings on the surfaces of
most leaves through which gases can
move.

pollen
Tiny particles (male gametophytes)
produced by seed plants that contain
the cells that later become sperm
cells.
cone
cotyledon A seed leaf; sometimes stores food. ovule
gymnosperm
A plant that produces seeds that are
not enclosed by a protective fruit.
pollination

The reproductive structure of a
gymnosperm.
angiosperm
A flowering plant that produces seeds
enclosed in a protective structure.
A plant structure in seed plants that
produces the female gametophyte;
contains an egg cell.
petal
A colorful, leaflike structure of some
flowers.
The transfer of pollen from male
reproductive structures to female
reproductive structures in plants.
ovary
A flower structure that encloses and
protects ovules and seeds as they
develop.

dicot
An angiosperm that has 2 seed
leaves.
fruit
flower
The reproductive structure of an
angiosperm.
sepal
stamen
The male reproductive part of a
flower.
pistil

The ripened ovary and other
structures of an angiosperm that
enclose one or more seeds.
monocot
An angiosperm that has only 1 seed
leaf.
A leaflike structure that encloses the
bud of a flower.
tropism
The growth response of a plant toward
or away from a stimulus.
The female reproductive part of a
flower.
auxin
A plant hormone that speeds up the
rate of growth of plant cells.

short-day plant
A plant that flowers when the nights
are longer than the plant’s critical
night length.
day-neutral plant
long-day plant
A plant that flowers when the nights
are shorter than the plant’s critical
night length.
annual
critical night length
The number of hours of darkness that
determines whether or not a plant will
flower.
hormone

A plant with a flowering cycle that is
not sensitive to periods of light and
dark.
photoperiodism
A plant’s response to seasonal
changes in length of night and day.
A flowering plant that completes its life
cycle in one growing season.
biennial
A flowering plant that completes its life
cycle in 2 years.
A chemical that affects growth and
development.
dormancy
A period when an organism’s growth
or activity stops.

perennial
A flowering plant that lives for more
than 2 years.
genetic engineering
precision farming
A farming method in which farmers
use technology to fine-tune the
amount of water and fertilizer they use
to match the requirements of a
specific field.
The process of altering an organism’s
genetic material to produce an
organism with qualities that people
find useful.
hydroponics
A farming method in which plants are
grown in solutions of nutrients instead
of soil.
FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS
CHAPTER 5
SECTIONS 5.1 – 5.5
FLASHCARDS