Ecological Replacements of Ozone-Depleting Substances

424
measurements using GC-MS show that the concentration
of C 2 H 2 F 4 (HCFC-134a)-the most frequently used
replacement of CFC's- has increased rapidly in the
background atmosphere [41, 43, 71, 74, 75, 77, 90, 95,
98, 103, 153].
It is now known that accumulation rates of some
CFC's in the background troposphere are beginning
to slow in response to reduced global emissions [10, 70,
72]. Additionally, it is to be expected that concentrations
of their replacement compounds (e.g. HCFC's and
HFC's) will increase rapidly over the next few years
[10, 70, 99].
Wachowski L. et al.
Legal Solutions Concerning of ODS's
In response to the hypothesis presented by M. Molina
and F.S. Rowland [17, 18] and growing evidence on the
ozone depletion caused by ODS's, the large-scale industrial
production and use of CFC's have been rapidly
phased out [61-64, 156]. The first to be replaced were the
Freons used as spraying agents in cosmetic aerosols, according
to the resolution banning their use and production
issued by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) in 1979. As the next step the halocarbons used in
technical aerosols, plastic foams, refrigerators and
Table 2. Effect of a number CFC replacements (HCFC's and HFC's) on the environment and their practical usage.
1 Expressed relative to CO 2 as the reference substances, IPCC (1995) [10,70]. :
2 WMO (1994), [34].
3
Relative to a reference value of 1,0 for CC1 3 F [97].
4
(a) - cooling medium; (b) - aerosol propellant; (c) - blowing agent; (d) - solvent; (e) - for fire suppression and explosive protection;
(f) - cleaning agent, (g) - air conditioner; (h) - substrate for manufacture halocarbon compounds; (i) - agricultural and space fumigant,
food packing, industry.
* by definition [97].